Activation of Zero-Valent Magnesium using Acetic Acid for the Degradation of Triacetone Triperoxide in Ethanol Abstract Triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a cyclic peroxide, is an explosive frequently used by terrorists and amateur chemists due to the ease of synthesis and the availability of reagents. A degradation method for degrading TATP in ethanol (EtOH) was proposed using an activated, zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg) system. Different acids were tested to determine their effectiveness in
Corrected Text Slide 1: Aromatic acids Learning Objectives At the end of this class session, you will be able to know about • Preparation and properties of aromatic acids Slide 2: Introduction Aromatic carboxylic acids belong to the group of carboxylic acids. Aromatic acids are white crystalline solids that are soluble in hot water, alcohol and ether. It is partially soluble in cold water. Slide 3: Explanation Preparation of aromatic acids Teacher: Hi, students. Today we are going to learn about
of these scents are esters. Most of the aromas we know represent a mixture of esters and other molecules like alcohol. The process of making ester is known as esterification. Esters are formed carboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol, water is also produced from this reaction. Carboxylic acid contains the –COOH group (Jim Clark, 2003) The general formula for esterification is O O || || R-C-OH + HO-R R-C-O-R + HOH Figure 1: Formula
range. It was slightly soluble; therefore, there might be a functional group that is polar such as an alcohol. Once again, the IR spectroscopy confirms this since the broad peak is located at around 3400 cm-1. Unknown C was negative for the Chromic acid test so there might be a tertiary alcohol or no alcohol. Since the IR has an alcohol I assume that there might be a tertiary alcohol. After completing the test, I can minimize the options that correspond to the IR and the tests to draw a conclusion
final weight percent yield 2,4-DNP Tollen's test pathway .42g 67% positive negative oxidation of secondary OH Good Things My experiment went well. I began my experiment with .64g of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The molecular weight of this compound is 146.2g/mol. It is converted into 2-ethyl-1-hydroxyhexan-3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144.2g/mol. This gives a theoretical yield of .63 grams. My actual yield was .42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%
such forms as CO2/CO, N2, and H20. Stanley Miller, through experimentation, shows that given an energy source like heat or electric charge it is possible to form reactions that create complex molecules, and through subsequent experiments nucleic acids like adenine were even formed. This is the premise for the “hot” theories of the origin of life. Given there are many derivative possibilities like process evolution, chemoautotrophic, and photoautotrophic origins, the basis is that given an energy
Which lip balm formulation will provide better moisturization, feel, taste and smell? Hypothesis If each lip balm has different ingredients and formulation, then the results for each lip balm will turn out differently; the moisturization, taste, feel and smell will all be different. Background Research Lip balm was invented by Dr. Charles Brown Fleet. He invented it in the 1880’s as a way to moisturize your lips. Lip balms seal your lips to protect it from losing its own moisture. Lips cannot make
Fermentation of Apple Cider “Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Science is the highest personification of the nation because that nation will remain the first which carries the furthest the works of thought and intelligence.” – Louis Pasteur, Great French Scientist (1822-1892). Fermentation is chemical changes in organic substances produced by the action of enzymes. This general definition includes virtually all
Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization Ritalin Pills Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule Methylphenidate in the early 90’s sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin
Identifying features and key components of unknown chemical mixtures are an essential part of chemistry. In many cases it is necessary to analyses and understand the chemical makeup of pharmaceuticals. Qualitative analysis is a method of testing a chemical mixture to determine its chemical makeup, such as its functional group. Identifying functional groups of an unknown compound are important, as it helps in understanding how a chemical acts under certain conditions, such as when changing physical
of unknown organic compounds. Which i have to identify by using a number of different chemical and physical techniques. The only thing is known about the compound is that it contains one of the functional group: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, phenol and ester. Therefore I devised a sequence of tests that would identify which one of the groups the sample contains. The flow chart below shows the chemical techniques, which I will use to identify the functional group of the unknown
effects on the human body Esters are carboxylic acid groups that have a carbonyl acid adjacent to either linkage. Esters can be made from alcohols or carboxylic acids reactions. This is that they have a –COOH group however the hydrogen in the group instead is a methyl. Benzene ring, ethyl other alkyl group. Esters come in a number of different ways and have different effects on the human body both beneficiary and some toxic. Esters are produced when carboxylic acids are boiled with alcohols with a catalyst
than ethers, due to their degree of hydrogen bonding ability. Most often derived from reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid, esters are a unique, ubiquitous class of compounds with many useful applications in both natural and industrial processes 1. For example, within mammals, esters are used in triglycerides and other lipids as they are the main functional group attacking fatty acids to the glycerol chain 2. A unique property of esters is their tendency to give off distinct aromas such as the
butyric acid is an ester with a fruity odor of pineapple, apple and strawberry. Present in small amounts in several plant products, especially pineapple flavor is produced by distillation from essential oils of vegetable origin. This ester is also manufactured on a small scale for use in perfumes or food flavors. Esters, in general, can be defined as the reaction products of carboxylic acids and organic alcohols. Chemically, an ester is the condensation product that results when a carboxylic acid is reacted
due to the production of phthalic acid which is used in detergents and plastics that make the material toxic and damaging to the environment and those who use material with the acid. (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=1017) Introduction Esters are organic functional groups formed from the combination of two other functional groups, alcohols and carboxylic acids. One of the hydrogen ion's that are more weakly bonded to the carboxylic acid is released and exchanged for the
combination of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride with the presence of an acid catalyst produced acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and acetate. Purification of the crude aspirin was done through a technique called crystallization, wherein both the single solvent and mixed solvent
Discussion The fifth experiment of the semester entails a synthesis reaction geared towards analyzing the structure of a product. The starting material is isopentyl alcohol. When reacted with acetic acid with sulfuric acid as a solvent, isopentyl alcohol produces isopentyl acetate, which is the goal product, as shown in the reaction below: Once isopentyl acetate is produced, it will become important to analyze its structure and purity. This experiment involves performing various techniques,
which is most effective in synthesizing methyl m-nitrobenzoate. The pathway implemented in this experiment used acetophenone as its starting material and converted it to benzoic acid. The benzoic acid was then nitrated to m-nitrobenzoic acid, and the m-nitrobenzoic acid transformed into methyl m-nitrobenzoate. Benzoic Acid The first reaction
mechanism of which an ester is formed as a product when a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol and an acid catalyst. Together with ester, water is also liberated on this reaction. The key bonds formed in this reaction is C-OR, of which the oxygen bonded to carbon is the oxygen from the alcohol, not the oxygen originally bonded to it from the starting carboxylic acid. The key bonds broken is C-OH, the oxygen from the carboxylic acid bonds with the hydrogens that will then form water. So, the
and a carboxylic acid produce an ester that has a strong, pleasant odour? Introduction: This research task and practical is performed with the aim of investigating the formation of esters through the reaction between different alcohols with carboxylic acids and discussing their usage as