The concept of Canadian federalism first emerged in 1867, bringing together disparate colonies under one centralized government. Initially, the colonies opposed the thought of federalism, as they believed they would lose their independence by giving up certain powers to a national government. The central government would control defense, foreign affairs, money, postage, and taxation; Furthermore, the colonies preferred dealing with London, instead of Canada East or Canada West. The colonies did not
This study will define the importance of the cultural institution of Canadian federalism and the political leadership of Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau during the late 1960s. Under PM Trudeau’s leadership, the Quiet Revolution failed to break apart Canadian federalism due to the unifying cultural aspects of language that he promoted through the Official Languages Act of 1969. Trudeau was a loyal Quebecker in terms of political power, yet he chose to unite Quebec and Ottawa in unity through
Open Federalism: Harper’s Unlikely-to-Happen Addition to the History of Canadian Politics 1. Introduction Prime Minister Stephen Harper is attempting to further decentralize Canadian government with, what he calls, open federalism. This essay will begin with a discourse on the evolution of Canadian federalism, then exclusively compare Harper’s approach to the proceeding Liberal governments approach, and ultimately explain why Stephen Harper’s “open federalism” methodology is the most controversial
Since federalism was introduced as an aspect of Canadian political identity, the country has undergone multiple changes as to how federalism works; in other words, over the decades the federal and provincial governments have not always acted in the same way as they do now. Canada, for example, once experienced quasi-federalism, where the provinces are made subordinate to Ottawa. Currently we are in an era of what has been coined “collaborative federalism”. Essentially, as the title would suggest
Introduction Federalism incorporates multiple layers of government, where final authority is divided between the layers of government. Dual federalism can be described using the metaphor of a layer cake, where the layers of government are linked, but function as distinct units. Cooperative federalism evolved from the concept of dual federalism. Cooperative federalism is often described using a marble cake metaphor, where the layers of government are less distinct and share responsibilities and policies
Quebec secession, as the province pushes for greater autonomy, recognition as a distinct nation within Canada, and greater representation on the federal level. The federal government’s relationship with Quebec is one that exhibits the “paradox of federalism” as described by Lawrence Anderson in ‘Both Too Much and Too Little: Sources of Federal Instability in Canada’, the simple truth that in federations “federal institutions can prevent secession by satisfying some of the institutional demands of those
importance of reference cases in the Canadian system, despite their shortcomings, I will first look at the history of the advisory mechanism with a view to explain the roll of the courts. I will then look at the constitutional perspectives the courts took in several reference cases, especially the Patriation Reference and the Quebec Cessession Reference. In the next section I will explore the ways in which the courts opinions in these cases impacted Canadian federalism to determine the constitutionality
Pierre Elliot Trudeau Published in 1968, Federalism and the French Canadians is an ideological anthology featuring a series of essays written by Pierre Elliot Trudeau during his time spent with the Federal Liberal party of Canada. The emphasis of the book deals with the problems and conflicts facing the country during the Duplessis regime in Quebec. While Trudeau stresses his adamant convictions on Anglophone/Francophone relations and struggles for equality in a confederated land, he also elaborates
“Federalism is the sharing of power between national and state governments.” (Monk, “Federalism”). Founded over 200 years ago, we use federalism in many ways even today. We use it to divide powers between the national and state governments, meaning that the national government does not have complete say over some of the states’ laws and regulations. Federalism was first created and founded by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and George Washington. Their goal was to try and balance order with
The establishment of the U.S. Constitution was an action taken in order to supply federal control over the young United States of America without replicating the mistakes and flaws present within the Articles of Confederation. The idea of the Constitution was to better unify the states, something the Articles of Confederation were completely unable to do. Even during the infancy of the Constitution, its creators were divided into two major political parties: the federalists, who supported large and
Early on in our nation’s history there were two primary political parties that sought to gain the upper hand as it related to implementation of policy and building the government. The two parties were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Each party’s membership held prominent names of individuals who would help build our earliest policies and shape the constitution. The Federalists sought to build a strong central government. They were concerned over a perceived resistance from the first thirteen
formulated that sometimes seem to overlap hence giving rise to a number of conflicts among the different level of governments. This essay will explore and demonstrate the federal drug policy that the US Federal Government is designing and the issues of federalism that the policy raises. The US Drug Policy The current US drug control policy has a big concern for the drug abuse context and the general public health especially due to the fact that it is being to young Americans. According to Gaines $ Miller
By 1800 the Federalist Party was divided, clearing the way to the presidency for the Democratic Republicans. Federalists like Washington and Adams wanted the federal government to have most of the power in the United States. The non-federalists during that time wanted a small federal government with very little power. They were very much concerned with state rights and individual freedom for the people. This political shift was a formative moment in our country 's history and defined our political
Andrew Jackson was inaugurated as president on March 4, 1829. Throughout his two terms of presidency, he was very influential. Jackson’s policies on relocating the Indians, diminishing the national bank, extending voting rights, and expanding democracy. First of all, Andrew Jackson had always wanted the Indian tribes that continued to live in the eastern states and territories of the United States to move west, beyond the Mississippi, and out of the way of the expanding white settlement. This
When a case advances to the Supreme Court, the court asks a strange question: Is the law constitutional? The court is not overly concerned with the morality of the law. Admittedly, ethics are always a consideration, but when the time comes to make a ruling, the court bases its decision chiefly on Constitutionality. Amazingly, two hundred years after its conception, citizens of the United States remain fixated on the Constitution as the foundation of their society. And this happens on both sides of
confederal and the unitary forms of the new government for the new form which is called Federalism. Which was to be described as the constitutional relationship between the United States and the Federal government. Federalism is different from the other two types of government, unlike the unitary form of government, which is ruled by the central government,
conflicts was the balancing of powers between the national and state powers in our feredal sytem (KTP 74). The outcome of this conflicts is called Federalism
There are many differences between the Democratic-Republic party and the Federalist Party. Especially in the last decade of the 18th century which is late 1700’s, early 1800’s. They have different views on foreign relations and their beliefs on the war between France and Britain, their Federal government and vision for America. Their leaders are completely different people. When it comes down to foreign relations, Federalists think the United States should not support the French war. They think the
After the Constitution was written, the new born nation was immediately split into two political sides, the federalists and the anti-federalists, over the ratification. Federalists, southern planters or people that tended to hold interest in trade, advocated a strong executive. On the other hand, anti-federalists, back country people or people involved in business but not in the mercantile economy, opposed the ratification of the constitution. The two sides, after much debate, were able to come
Preface The argument between Federalists and Anti-Federalists might seem long gone to American citizens, but still their philosophical foundations shape the teams, scope and size of the battlefield. These philosophies go back to two lone men, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Both fought aggressively for a government based on their ideas, and both did make portions of the now-standing American government. This essay will outline the political, social and economic philosophies of both men,