A Short History of the Basque Country Archaeological and ethnographic findings indicate that Basque [people] evolved from Cro-Magnon [...] in this area over a period dating from about 40,000 years ago until distinct features were acquired approximately 7,000 years ago. Two thousand years later the sheep, not native to these lands, was introduced and horse and cattle farming came into being, as shown by Adolf Staffe. These circumstances made it necessary for the people to travel periodically
Self-Determination in the Basque Country The Basques, settled on the Franco-Spanish border, are a people who do not have a country that exists as an entity of its own. They are not recognized internationally. Their borders are not respected, and their culture is repressed. Thus the history of the Basque Country is one of contentious protest against imposed conditions, unremitting effort in defense of its identity and a relentless search for a means of democratizing public life. They have
Basque Independence The Basque region is an area divided into three administrative units, the Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre in Spain, the arrondissement of Bayonne and the département of Pyrénées Atlantiques in France. The Basque area is unique in that as a mainly indigenous community the Basque people maintained autonomy much later than most of the other provinces and as such have kept a unique identity and culture that is distinct from the other regions of Spain, therefore there is a
The Basques and Their Claim to Nationhood Historical Background The Basque "nation" --for lack of a better word-- is composed of seven different "provinces" --for the lack of a better word-- four are located within the borders of Spain and three within those of France in the triangle formed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Garonne and Ebro rivers, as shown in the map below. Euskera-Herria, is the Basque name given to these seven provinces. The Basques are the descendants of the native inhabitants
In the article “Jihad vs. McWorld” written by Benjamin R. Barber, the main discussion is about the comparison of the Jihad world of “a threatened Lebanonization of national states in which culture is pitted against culture”(Barber, 1992, page 1) to the McWorld of economic and political globalization. This idea is based off of the concept of Barber stating that there are “2 possible political futures”(Barber, 1992, page 1); the idea of seperation for every nation to have its own state, and the idea
Basque Fatherland and Liberty, or Euskadi ‘ta Askatasuna in the native Basque language, is a nationalist movement based in the Basque provinces of northern Spain and southern France. Formed in 1959 as a resistance movement against the violent and repressive Franco dictatorship, Euskadi ‘ta Askatasuna known informally as ETA, sought to create a self-governed Basque homeland. As a genetically distinctive ethnic minority, the Basque people have their own language unrelated to any other European language
government and therefore in my case study of the Basques I will assess whether they have in my opinion been able to achieve this. Map of Basque regionThe Basque region consists of seven "herrialdes", or districts which, for political and administrative purposes, form part of two different more economically developed European countries: Araba, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa and Nafarroa are in Spain, and Lapurdi, Zuberoa and Benafarroa are in France. Three of the Basque Country's seven historic territories, Araba
fill this job was Juan de Onate. Being of noble Basque blood it seems that Juan de Onate was destined to become someone of importance. It is said that the Basque people were "Hardy, self-reliant, and stubbornly strong" and "In New Spain won distinction as explorers, soldiers, and discoverers of mines on the frontier." Juan's father Cristobal de Onate was one of those Basque people described above. In 1546 Cristobal along with a few other Basque men discovered a silver mine in Mexico, but was
Ignatius was just adopted because people understood it better in France and and Italy. He was the youngest of thirteen kids. His mother died soon after his birth. He was raised by the local blacksmith’s wife. He got his surname of Loyola because of the Basque village of Loyola where he was born. Saint Ignatius also served in the military. He became a page in the service of a relative. Juan Velázquez de Cuéllar was the treasurer of the Kingdom of Castile. As a young man he had a great love for military
your progress so far in the past 33 years. As a 17 year old, your main ideology was nationalism unlike most of your colleagues who preferred conservatism or liberalism. But that was quite understandable because you were a nationalist at heart despite the situation your country was in at that moment. But seeing as you are the current president, I can certainly say that Nigeria is a better place now. Nationalism, according to Andrew Heywood, is defined as the belief that the nation is the center
African-Americans had already been struggling under the white power dating back to the years of ... ... middle of paper ... ... Vol 27, No.4. Gulford Press, (1963): 415-432, http//www.jstor.org/stable/40400980 Grandjeat, Charles Yves. “ Nationalism, History and Myth: The Masks of Aztlan,” Confluencia, Vol6, No. 1 (Fall 1990):19-32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27921957 McCutcheon, Priscilla. “Returning Home to Our Rightful Place: The Nation of Islam and Muhammad Farms,” Elsevier (2013):
the area from China to the south, and India to the east. While each country included may have similarities beyond geographic location, it is important to distinguish between each as they are, due to state sovereignty and the prevailing issue of nationalism. Main superpowers in the area are, aside from India: China and Japan. The major superpowers of the region have, of course, directly influenced the ways in which smaller countries conduct themselves domestically – through ideology and economic strength
Beginning in the late seventieth century, the Age of Enlightenment set in motion revolutionary ideals that would eventually destroy the traditional feudal system and initiate the rise of nationalism in Europe. This “rise of nationalism” would span over three hundred years, from the birth of the French revolution, to the outbreak of WW2. During this span, the hostilities and violence between European nations would increase, due to their respected people’s willingness to support their given nation’s
miserable, and object of the Hesling’s uncritical loyalty just like Kaiser himself. The loyal subject reflects on how the civil war complicated the cultural emotional value, particularly the ideal of sympathy. In this novel Heinrich attacks on nationalism, militarism and the authoritarian structure of the German society, which resulted to his exile in 1933.Heinrich Mann wrote the novel during the nineteenth century however; the Germans blocked its re-publication due to its critical view of the German
Nationalism is the idea that a people who have much in common, such as language, culture and geographic proximity ought to organize in such a way that it creates a stable and enduring state. Nationalism is tied to patriotism, and it is the driving force behind the identity of a culture. Nationalism had many effects in Europe from 1815, The Congress of Vienna and beyond. In the following essay I will describe many of the consequences of nationalism on European identity, as well as some of the conflicts
The rise of nationalist movements and the modern nation-state has affected women’s political and economic participation and social freedoms. Based on the following documents, there were many opportunities and barriers that nationalist movements posed concerning women's rights in the twentieth century. Many women saw the opportunities of the movements accessible to women, but other women focused on the barriers and didn’t feel that the opportunities were accessible. As stated before, many women who
Prior to and after WWI the world saw a rise in nationalistic sentiments. The Middle East was not immune to this new ideology. Although Arab Nationalism had a start in the Ottoman Empire, its rise among the masses did not begin until after WWI. While a total rise in Arab Nationalism became apparent on the Arabian Peninsula, a separate nationalist movement began in Palestine as a way to combat a unique and repressive situation. In Palestine the British mandate, along with British support, and the
Arguments for and against overseas expansion raised a foreign policy debate in the late years of the 19th century to the early years of the 20th century. People favored overseas expansion because they wanted the American economy to grow. Missioners, who wanted to convert the inhabitants of the new lands, also propelled this new policy, and theories such as the Social Darwinism and the Manifest Destiny made people believed it was right for America to expand its frontiers and help the less fortune
Canada has a population of just over 34.5 billion people; the likeliness that most of these people will even meet in their lifetime is slim to none, and yet Canadians choose to connect themselves to Benedict Anderson’s notion of an imagined community. This connection, although arbitrarily, speaks volumes about the socially constructed understanding of the community they live in. As a response, the building of Canadian communities have been both created and resisted for centuries. This paper will
“It is nationalism which engenders nations, and not the other way round.” Such words were written by prominent social anthropologist Ernest Gellner in his work Nations and Nationalism (1983). Nationalism can be defined as a person or group’s loyalty and support for their nation, whatever that nation may be. This brings to light a very troublesome and tortuous subject. Expressed simply as Nationalism, this being is very controversial, many hailing it as a propitious concept, while others putting