In order to isolate bacteriophage specific for Salmonella, we will following procedures below. Firstly, we will inoculate 5 mL tryptic soy broth with Salmonella. Then we touch a colony of Salmonella by using a sterile needle and transfer it to the tube consisting LB broth. After that, we incubate the culture overnight at 37oC. The next day, we will inoculate another tube with 4.5 mL of water sample that we take from poultry farm nearby that we suspect as source of Salmonella contamination on the
SEA-PHAGES Fatma Sahin April 4th, 2018 Introduction: Bacteriophage is a phage where it plays in the role of being a virus which infects bacteria host and replicates within bacteria. Phages are not able to replicate on their own and due to this reason, they demand a bacterial host in order to reproduce. These viruses are only specific for their own host. The purpose of this lab is to be successful at amplifying phages presented in the environmental soil sample. The first soil sample
literature paper, Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage, Alfred Hershey and Martha chase decide to study t2 bacteriophages. They both knew that t2 bacteriophage were composed of proteins and DNA. They also knew that when this virus infects bacteria that it injects something into the bacteria which steals that bacteria’s genetic information to start producing more t2 bacteriophage. They were to determine that if they could figure out what was being injected was
Bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria. Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular parasites. Bacteriophages are infections, which are a hereditary matter pressed inside a protein layer. A few infections contain a little lipid (fat) or hints of different substances. Infections are not cells. They are little particles that increase just inside living cells. Phages can't reproduce or engender outside their host cell, phages are not helpless to anti-infection agents, phages are omnipresent,
way to increasing research on phage therapy. However, because the therapeutic use of bacteriophages is a novel discovery, its effectiveness and safety need to be further researched. In this essay, I will explore the safety, the advantages, and the disadvantages of phage therapy. Primarily, because phage therapy is a novel discovery, its safety needs to be explored. The main characteristic that makes bacteriophages safe is their high specificity (Hyman and Abedon 2010). A study revealed that phage
Salvador Luria Salvador Luria was one of the founders of microbiology, as we know it. He emigrated from here from his native country of Italy in 1940. His work in the United States is his best known. His work on bacteriophage (bacterial virus) here brought up many new topics in bacteriology, biochemistry, and virology. Born in 1912 in Turin, Italy Salvador Luria was born to David Luria and Ester Sacerdote. His father was a well-respected Jewish leader in his hometown. Salvador attended Liceo d’Azeglio
microbiology classes. Viruses can be characterized as, “any of a group of submicroscopic entities consisting of a single nucleic acid chain surrounded by a protein coat and capable of replication only within the cells of living organisms” (Biology). Bacteriophage are more specific in a sense that they are “a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium” not just any living organisms cells (Biology). These viruses can replicate in 2 different cycles: lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle. If a virus
Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York with his research assistant, Martha Chase, through an experiment, discovered that phage DNA enters the bacterial cell and then directs the cell to produce more bacteriophages. This experiment proved that DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is the genetic material of bacteriophages as well as other organisms, opposed to the prior belief that protein was the genetic material of organisms. This discovery had set the groundwork for modern genetic study, which led to pharmaceutical
phages (Shah M. Faruque et al., 2004). So, there’s an inverse relationship between the bacteria and the phages. That means if the number of bacteria increases then the amount of phages decreases and vice versa. By understanding their mechanism, bacteriophages can be used as a therapeutic agent to kill those antibiotic resistant
Every year, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening more and more people. As much of a problem as it is, many people are not educated on the term drug resistance. Since it is such a growing concern, it becomes confusing as to why drug resistance is occurring and what can be done to prevent it. Because drug resistance is such a health problem, determining what it is, how these bacteria can acquire the antimicrobial agents, and the possible solutions to the resistance are the types of actions
treat a boy with Netherton Syndrome with a Staph infection and depressed immune system. This is a video source, and depicts the story of the boy’s treatment and how he survived his infection specifically due to phage therapy. Sharp, Richard. "Bacteriophages: Biology and History." Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 19 June 2001. Web. 11 Apr.
Kimchi is a common food among the Koreans. It is a national identification that represents Korean cuisine. Kimchi is a traditional fermented food which is made up of mainly vegetables and pastes. It is normally served as a side dish or sometimes as an ingredient for some delicious Korean cuisine. Kimchi is well enjoyed by the people in Korea. It can be both homemade and commercially prepared. It is common for Koreans to make kimchi at home and it is also easy to be found in any Korean grocery store
The premise of this paper is to detail the contribution of a famous scientist and their work, as well as discuss the modern day implication of the scientist’s contribution on society. Ideally this paper would be a biographical analysis of a single person but due to my background and major I have instead chosen to write about two people that worked as a group to revolutionize biological sciences. The scientific pair of Francis Crick and James Watson worked together to research and published an article
through PCR and complementation tests, to uncover the structure of the HK97 bacteriophage through its function. I then spent my summer viewing the mutants under an electron microscope and determining structure through estimated residue-residue interactions, with the aid of software such as Chimera, VMD (Visual Molecular Dynamics), and SPDBV (Swiss Protein Database Viewer), which reconstruct visual models of bacteriophages. In particular, I used a technique called Molecular Dynamics Flexible Fitting
of this experiment was to determine if DNA or proteins within bacteriophages were the hereditary material that entered a bacterial cell to direct the assembly of new viruses. This experiment followed in its predecessor’s footsteps and used tools developed in the field of microbiology for the observation of cellular behavior. The researchers split their main objective into two experiments. In one experiment researchers took a bacteriophage encoded with the element P, which is prominent in DNA but not
From the years 1340 to 1400, a plague known as Y Pestis - more commonly known as the Bubonic Plague, - ravaged Europe, killing swathes of people each day. By the time it subsided, more than one third of the population of Eeurope would rest in mass graves. We like to think this could never happen again; after all, it would appear that the Plague has been long cured. While it is true that the plagues and many other old age pandemic diseases are now easily treatable with modern medicine, it is important
Microorganisms play an important role in our life: helps us to digest our food, decompose wastes and participate in various life cycles. They are diverse and have adapted to inhabit different environments including extreme conditions, such as hot vents under the ocean to ice caps; hence known as extremophiles. There are more microorganisms present in us than there are cells, and the various microorganisms are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Many people associate microorganisms as death and
adenovirus, influenza virus, and t-even bacteriophage are each examples of a different virus structure. Each individual protein subunit composing the capsid is a capsomere. The tobacco mosiac virus has a helical capsoid and is rod shaped. The adenovirus is polyhedral and has a protein spike at each vertex. The influenza virus is made of a flexible, helecal capsid. It has an outer membranous enevelope that is covered with glycoprotein spikes. The T-even bacteriophage consists of a polyhedral head and a
infection may be untreatable and deadly he primary mechanisms of bacterial gene transfer are transduction and conjugation. Transduction occurs when a bacterial virus, called a bacteriophage, detaches from one bacterial cell, carrying with it some of that bacterium’s genome, and then infects another cell. When the bacteriophage inserts its genetic content into the genome of the next bacterium, the previous bacterium’s DNA also is incorporated into the genome. Conjugation occurs when two bacteria come
Kimchi: an introduction Considered as national dish, kimchi was introduced into the Korean culinary more than two thousand years ago. However, it has only recently achieved worldwide recognition, mainly due to its nutritional properties, flavor and possible health-promoting benefits. Kimchi is a low-calorie food; nonetheless it is abounding in fibers, vitamins and minerals. Moreover, kimchi is believed to be a source of probiotic bacteria. Other potential attributes of kimchi include, lowering