The concept of beta has gained prominence due to the pioneering works of Sharpe (1963), Lintner (1965) and Mossin (1966). There are many studies that examine the behaviour and nature of beta. These studies include the impact of the length of the estimation interval, the stability of individual security beta as compared to portfolio beta, factors influencing the beta as well as the stability of beta in various market conditions. In theory, market capitalisation weighted indices are preferred as compared
The Basic Principle behind a Self Bailing Boat Actually the idea is quite simple really, it consists of a floor above the hull with open drain plugs in the rear of the boat and above the water line. By this simple method as water comes in to the boat it will drain right out of the back. If too much weight is in the boat then water will simply come in through the drain holes. This is no worry to me because I can always just put some plugs in the drain holes when carrying a heavy load. I made
Design challenge: caffeine vs. placebo The presence of caffeine has become popular for increasing your alertness even though it has uncertain effects on cognition, coordination, and motor abilities. Caffeine is used as a stimulate to maximize performance on a daily basis for most people even those who do not have a morning drink to kick start to their day. People usually associate caffeine with their morning coffee or tea; however, “It can be found in a large portion of what we eat and drink and
This case contains partial remains of an individual discovered in Marin County. Each element shows varying stages of erosion as well as uniform discoloration of the elements (brown). The ribs are severely fragmented. Attached to the occipital on the left side is an attachment of fabric and wood possibly from the burial box. The central incisors and the lateral incisor of the left maxilla are missing. All other teeth are present in the maxilla and the mandible. Neither fibula are present and the right
assessment in the United States and Canada. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 3, 267-273. Warshak, R. A. (2007). Parenting by the clock: The best interest of the child standard, judicial discretion, and the American Law Institutes “approximation rule”. Child Development Perspectives, 1, 119-125.
The Bayesian Theory of Confirmation, Idealizations and Approximations in Science ABSTRACT: My focus in this paper is on how the basic Bayesian model can be amended to reflect the role of idealizations and approximations in the confirmation or disconfirmation of any hypothesis. I suggest the following as a plausible way of incorporating idealizations and approximations into the Bayesian condition for incremental confirmation: Theory T is confirmed by observation P relative to background knowledge
1. Determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample A. Based on a randomly selected group of 500 patients with high cholesterol, it was found that 67% have heart disease. Is this a population or a sample; explain your answer. Answer: The evaluated group of 500 patients within this study is considered to be a sample. The 500 patients whom possess high cholesterol are comprised of the larger group of patients of which serve holistically as the population. The 500 patients randomly
equation is used in the real world, specifically involving Newton's Law of Cooling. To approximate values at various points of the original equation (Which will be able to be found analytically for means of having the exact values to compare to the approximations. For purposes of the exploration, however, we will assume that the differential equation cannot be solved and we must thus resort to numerical methods), Euler's method will be used and compared with other methods to evaluate how accurate each
Newton-Raphson Method – can help to find roots of nearly any type of function, including all polynomial functions. Newton’s method use derivative calculus to find the roots of a function or relation by first taking an approximation and then improving the accuracy of that approximation until the root is found. The idea behind the method is as follows. Given a point, P(Xn,Yn), on a curve, a line tangent to the curve at P crosses the X axis at a point whose X coordinate is closer to the root than Xn
Statement of Purpose Sepehr Assadi I am applying to the California Institute of Technology for admission to PhD program in computer science. My chief area of interest is theoretical computer science including approximation and randomized algorithms and algorithmic game theory. I plan to continue my research, and further deepen my knowledge in these areas during my graduate career. Being born in an academic family has made my life intertwined with the academic world. This background together with
finding a specific digit of pi. After much deliberation, I finally chose to research approximations methods of pi for a number of reasons: the topic seemed interesting, I could find a reasonable amount of information about it, and the possible significance or applications seemed to be the most prominent of all the topics. Next came the first researching stage where I performed my initial research into approximation methods of pi. Before I could start the research in earnest though, I required assistance
The History Behind 3.14… Throughout the history of mathematics, one of the most enduring challenges has been being able to calculate the ratio between a circle 's circumference and diameter; which has very much come to be known by the Greek letter pi. From ancient Babylonia times to the Middle Ages in Europe, to the now present day of supercomputers, mathematicians have been striving to calculate the mysterious number that has been around for centuries. Through this journey, they have searched for
computer science as well as to take advantage of great theory culture at University of Washington. I did research under Professor James Lee on randomized algorithms and spectral graph theory. I took advanced classes on randomized algorithms and approximation algorithms. After seeing the potential and applications of probabilistic
Pi, the most talked about yet the least known about, is the ratio of the circumference of a circle over the diameter, and is one of the most important numbers ever to be used in mathematics. The world of Pi is very interesting, detailed, and complex. There is a very large history of how pi was found and of different ways mathematicians and civilizations calculated Pi. A few of the many examples of the calculation of pi are from Archimedes, Ahmes, the Chinese, the ancient Babylonians, and also
credited to be the creator of the circumference formula, but more importantly to find the first theoretical calculation of Pi. Pi is an irrational number and the digits are continuous and never come to an end. Archimedes knew he had only found an approximation of pi, he found that pi is between 3 1/7 and 3 10/71. “Pi is a name given to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter. That means, for any circle, you can divide the circumference (the distance around the circle) by the diameter
marketing, Medical Diagnosis, and so on [1]. But its exact solution is inefficient in both space and time. This paper investigates Smooth Partially Observable Value Approximation (SPOVA) [2], which approximates belief values by a differentiable function and then use gradient descent to update belief values. This POMDP approximation algorithm is applied on pole-balancing problem with regulation. Simulation results turn out this regulated approach is capable of estimating state transition probabilities
Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, excluding the sender and deliberated recipient, suspects the message existence , a form of security through obscurity. Steganography techniques can be utilized to images, a video file or an audio file. Typically, steganography is written in characters including hash marking, but its usage within images is also usual. At any rate, steganography secures from pirating copyrighted materials as well as aiding in
Before settlers began to migrate to California in the 1850’s, the Gray Wolf was abundant not only in California, but in other western states as well. The species helped to create a balance in the environment. In the west, wolves have lived in a variety of environments, from the high Sierra Nevadas to the deep national forests. With their fierce hunting skills and large territories, wolves were spread all over the west. As settlers migrated into California and began to establish farms and small settlements
paleontologist unearths the fossil, he or she discovers not a true bone, but a facsimile of a bone. In a way, it is a false approximation of the truth of that brontosaurus. Desire works in the same way as the process of fossilization. Desire also blinds people from reality and sequesters them from the elements around them. Similarly, desire replaces reality with a false approximation of it. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Tennessee Williams’s “A Streetcar Named Desire”, the power of desire
Chaos Theory Explained “Traditionally, scientists have looked for the simplest view of the world around us. Now, mathematics and computer powers have produced a theory that helps researchers to understand the complexities of nature. The theory of chaos touches all disciplines.” -Ian Percival, The Essence of Chaos Part I: The Basics of Chaos. Watch a leaf flow down stream; watch its behavior within the water… Perhaps it will sit upon the surface, gently twirling along with the current