used to prepare and illegal drug. This programme is run by pharmacies and drug services. World Health Organization (2007) stated that the purpose of this programme is to reduce the transmission of blood- borne viruses and other infections that caused by sharing injecting equipment. The work of NSPs has focused on HIV prevention and also rising HIV-prevalence among clients in many locations. This has resulted in producing HIV care and support programmes and antiretroviral treatment programmes which
world living with HIV and every hour fifty women are infected with HIV. HIV/AIDS has been the cause of approximately 36 million deaths since it was discovered and continues to kill every day. Safe sex and needle-exchange programs, along with antiretroviral treatments are the best way to stop HIV from spreading and leading to AIDS. HIV is a virus that can be sexually transmitted, obtained through hypodermic needles or contaminated blood transfusions, or passed on from mother to child through pregnancy
What is HIV? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which is a virus that attacks the human immune system. Once the body is unable to continue fighting the infection, the disease is more severe and known as AIDS. It usually takes more than 10 years to progress from the HIV virus to AIDS which is a deadly disease that has killed over than 25 million people around the world. HIV can be transmitted between people many different ways. Any kind of unprotected sexual intercourse is a very common way
Drug-induced hepatitis is a common disease that affects patients taking certain type of medications. The presentation of these patients include jaundice, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.3 This case report will describe a middle aged gentleman with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) and Hepatitis C who had just started on Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART) and had been rechallenged with antituberculosis drugs (anti-TB) who presented with signs of
implicated in much of the neurological manifestations of the disease, and it is the effects of the presence of the virus within the central nervous system which is of interest to me in this paper. With the advent of more effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and thus increased life span of people with AIDS, neurological disorders are becoming a hot topic in AIDS research. In the early days of the epidemic, those infected with the virus could only hope to live for a short time before
Interactions of Alcohol with Drug Therapy Ethanol, ethylic alcohol or simply alcohol is an organic substance with one or more hydroxil groups (-OH) [1]. For instance, it is used as a pharmaceutical compounds, in alcoholic beverages, as a dehydrating agent in labs and industries or as an antiseptic agent. Generally, ethanol is a CNS (central nervous system) depressant with anesthetic properties causing cognitive and motor damage at relatively low doses. Nevertheless ethanol in high doses can induce
AIDS is a dangerous disease caused by a virus known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) that has led to the deaths of millions of individuals around the world, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Nigeria. The reason the disease is so dangerous is because it essentially destroys an infected individual’s immune system, leaving him or her to become more prone to contracting dangerous infections and cancers that cannot be fought off due to the lack of T helper cells. The HIV/AIDS epidemic
Saved New Cases of Proven Success in Global Health. Ctr for Global Development. Ramiah, I., & Reich, M. R. (2005). Public-Private Partnerships and Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV/AIDS: Lessons From Botswana. Health Affairs, 24(2), 545-551. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.24.2.545 Rouzier V, Farmer PE, Pape JW et al. Factors impacting the provision of antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV: the view from Haiti. Antiviral Therapy. 2014; 19 Suppl
The movie Philadelphia portrays the struggles and eventual passing of Tom Hanks’ character Andrew Beckett as he battles AIDS. According to the textbook, “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the body’s immune system” (Santrock, 2009). Andrew faces problems not only with his contraction of AIDS, but also with society’s ignorance of the disability. Throughout the movie, instances of prejudice and discrimination can be seen but are ultimately
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is a virus that destroys the immune system of a person. This virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted in many ways including: vaginal, oral, and anal sex, sharing needles, coming into contact with infected bodily fluids, and also through pregnancy, which is known as mother to child transmission. In the United States, there are about 1.1 million people with HIV and every year there are 540,000 new infections. It is important to note that of those new
TABLE OF CONTENTS S No Topic Page No 1 Introduction 3 2 Mandatory HIV testing among Pregnant women 4 3 Pros of Mandatory HIV testing for pregnant women 5-6 4 Arguments against Mandatory testing for pregnant women 7 5 Arguments against Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing 8-9 6 Proponents of Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing 10 7 Conclusions 10-11 8 Recommendations 12 9. References 12-13 Introduction There are different kinds of HIV testing: voluntary
verge of death 10 years ago, having contracted HIV and suffering with a very low CD4 count. Nevertheless through global support of the PEPFAR inititiave that spread over the last decade, Engole became the first person in Uganda to benefit from antiretroviral drugs supplied by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). This man is one small example of the huge impact PEPFAR has had on the health and hope of communities in Uganda, as well in the developing world. His journey reminds me the
caused the formation of M, N, O, and P. Only in the case of HIV-1 group has adap... ... middle of paper ... ...al tools to prevent HIV infection, as well as safe, affordable, and nontoxic therapies for initial control of infection. Although antiretroviral treatment has reduced the toll of AIDS related deaths, access to therapy is not universal, and the prospects of curative treatments and an effective vaccine are uncertain. Thus, AIDS will continue to pose a significant public health threat for
Teenagers infected with HIV are more likely to engage in risky sex and drug use since the introduction of powerful medicines that effectively keep AIDS at bay, a new study finds. The trend, which began surfacing after highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) were introduced in 1996, points to the need for targeted interventions to reduce risky behavior and improve quality of life for those in this group, the researchers noted. Roughly a quarter of the 40,000 new HIV infections in the United
sexual contact with an infected person since there is an exchange of bodily fluids (HHS, 2012). HIV can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy or after birth when breastfeeding (HHS, 2012). In addition, a person can get HIV from injecting drugs in to their body, blood transfusions, and exposure to it in health care settings (HHS, 2012). However, the most common way that HIV is transmitted is still through sexual
Kaposi Sarcoma is a cancer that develops from the cells that line lymph or blood vessels. This type of cancer usually appears as tumors on the skin or on mucosal surfaces such as inside the mouth, they also appear in the lymph nodes, the lungs, or digestive tract. The skin lesions of Kaposi sarcoma are normally on the legs or face, the lesions are usually purple, red, or brown blotches or tumors. KS can become life threatening when the lesions are in the lungs, liver, or digestive tract. If a patient
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, commonly known as HIV/AIDS is a disease, with which the human immune system, unlike in other disease, cannot cope. AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, causes severe disorder of the immune system and slowly progresses through stages which disable the body’s capability to protect and instead makes it vulnerable for other infections. The first blood sample to contain HIV was drawn in 1959 in Zaire, Africa while molecular genetics
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was once considered a taboo disease that made its appearance in the United States around the late 1970s. Little was known about the virus and it was originally thought to just be found in the gay male community. As more and more research has been done people now understand the virus and realize that it affects men and women as well as all races, ages, and sexual orientation. It is believed that HIV is a mutated form of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that
thoughts, whether nominally or harmfully, about others when these opinions are not necessarily warranted, i.e. how the Ithanga community views Sizwe’s success as a topic of envy (90). With this bitter sense of community joined with the Western antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for HIV/AIDS, the community itself is more harmful and has more malevolent consequences than HIV/AIDS itself in the following three ways. First, in regards to global and local relations, the local community is apprehensive in fostering
people with HIV infection face, as palliative care addresses pain and symptom management, emotional, socio-cultural, and spiritual need of the patient and the family members. It also helps to provide nutritional support, financial assistance and manage drug toxicity (Palliative care, 2014). Palliative care focuses on individualized care and the need of the patient family. As there is an increase in of the aging population with HIV/AIDS, the palliative care needs are also