Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) is a bacterium that infects organisms through sporulation. Bacillus anthracis is can be aerobic (needs oxygen) or, facultative anaerobic (does not require oxygen). It is also a gram positive bacterium that can be found in the soil of humid and damp climates (Hicks, 2012). The bacterium is part of the species Bacillus Cereus (Koehler, 2009). It is known to infect life forms four different ways. Infection can be caused through digestion, eating food that is contaminated
The germ warfare agent anthrax is a bacterium that, if inhaled, can kill a person in a matter of days. It sounds like science fiction, like something a mad scientist developed in a lab in hopes of taking over the world. In reality is an ancient disease of live stock and humans known since Biblical times. It just never made so many headlines before. Anthrax is an infectious disease known as Bacillus Anthracis. The bacterium can survive for centuries in a spore form. Their inside coating of armor allows
in the 6th Century B.C. More recent examples of bioterrorism include the anthrax inhalation from received mail in 2001 (Office of The Surgeon General). Although these are only recorded acts, there is a whole other story to what should happen once a victim is diagnosed with any type of bioterrorism and what treatment they should undergo, if one exists. For example, the medical response and treatment are different for anthrax, smallpox and tularemia. The medical response and treatment depend on the
Anthrax is a bacterial disease instigated by the endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium Bacillus anthracis . Anthrax itself comes from the Greek word for coal, nthrax, attributable to the coal colored lesions that oftentimes develop on victims’ dermis. Though the sporadic disease most commonly affects animals in agricultural regions, it can sometimes infect humans and cause serious illness as well as both hypodermic and internal infections that can prove fatal to those infected. German microbiologist
tricking the scorpion. Tetrodotoxin is a powerful poison found on liver and reproductive organ of some puffer fish. 2. What bird's feathers are poisonous, and what is the toxin contained by the bird? Briefly detail the effects of the toxin? Ans: The feather of Pitohui, colorful New Guinea bird is poisonous and the name of the toxin secretes by this bird is batrachotoxin. The bird secret betrachotoxin to protect from its predators like hunters, snakes, eagle etc. When a person keep the feather of Pitohui
using biological weapons were primarily for defense from other countries. "Headquarters for research of bioweapons were established at Fort Detrick." (208) These research centers have been capable of increasing the hostility of a bacteria that causes anthrax. United States have also attempted creation of bubonic plague and tularemia bioweapons. U.S. scientists then became attentive on viral weapons, which are resistible to antibiotics. United States have grown viruses inside chick eggs as they need living
ANTHRAX Anthrax is a zoonotic bacterial infection that can be transmitted either through contact with affected animals or as a biological weapon (Jones 4). Its use in biological warfare has, however, been controlled and such cases are very few. The few cases have stirred the attention of most people, which has consequently increased public awareness in the disease. It normally affects ruminant animals such as cattle, horses, goats and sheep and then transmitted to humans. Humans cannot transmit the
THE BIGGEST WAR in the Worlds history is waiting to strike. Anthrax is considered as the deadliest bioweapon known to mankind (Discovery News, 2012) . Anthrax is a silent killer; symptoms of flu layer the biological weapon. The first epidemic known as “Black Bane” was recorded in 1613, where the plague swept through Europe causing more than 60,000 recorded deaths (Siumed.edu, 2010). In recent cases, the silent killer, re-appeared in 2001, where air mail from Russia swept through a postal service
that can be aimed and controlled. These new weapons could end our species if they become advanced enough. In September of 2001, “biologist Bruce E. Ivins single-handedly prepared and mailed deadly anthrax spores that killed five people” (Warrick). In this case one biologist killed five people with anthrax. Imagine if a terrorist group developed an enhanced stain of a pathogen and released it, millions of people could die. Soon this will actually be a possibility. With the research into these pathogens
Biological Warfare a. Biological Warfare Agents i. Micro-Organisms ii. Toxins b. History of biological warfare i. Definition ii. Affects it has on people III. Reasons why biological warfare should be stopped. a. Biological weapons are inhumane. b. Impossible to control or predict its effect. c. Pollutes the environment d. Genetic Mutation IV. Countries that still produce biological weapons V. Biological and Toxins Convention VI. Conclusion The Effects of Biological Weapons on
agents. Evidently, each agent has its own specific story. Ranging from the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of each agent, all of these facets grant terrorists an even greater convenience to further exert their reign of terror. Anthrax In the pursuit of the “perfect” biological weapon, t... ... middle of paper ... ...y 2013. . Cole, Leonard, PhD. "Inquiry Regarding Bioterrorism." E-mail interview. 24 July 2013. Grey, Michael R., and Kenneth R. Spaeth. The Bioterrorism
Nature has many toxins it uses to protect itself against predators. Toxins in nature can either kill humans or can do damage to the body. In the animal and plant kingdom there are toxins deadly to humans, but we have found ways to combat some of them. How do the toxins in nature affect the body and how does man fight back? Many plants are poisonous from poison ivy and poison sumac to flowers used in bouquets such as larkspur and lily of the valley. Plants spread their poisons in different ways
Today, English has so many weird phenomena’s around the usage of certain words. Using a word can mean something completely different within certain community’s. It is also hard to stay up to date with all the slang and culture shifts around our language. For example, the word toxicity has so many different meanings and ways to apply it. I will show people proper and improper ways to use the word. I will also take people through the origin and the gaming community that uses it. Toxicity: the quality
Bioterrorism The term bioterrorism stands for a form of an unlawful use and intentional release of disease causing and harmful agents called biological agents. These agents include germs like bacteria and viruses. The bioterrorists in this field also use of other agents like chemical and nuclear bombs. Bioterrorism is also referred to as germ warfare. Many biological agents are found in the environment and the bioterrorists modify them making them more dangerous. These agents cause infections and
Anthrax is an infectious disease. It can kill people. Getting anthrax is considered bioterrorism. Cause of Disease Anthrax I an infectious disease that is caused by bacterium bacillus anthracis. bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive. A “Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall” as cited from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria
replacements that are much less harmful or toxic. And sixth, and perhaps most discouragingly, many of us knowingly buy and use these chemicals without a moment's hesitation. Do you think you have been dowsed with chemicals (i.e., overly exposed to toxins found in our environment)? Well, how would you know if you were? If you have lived in Illinois for most of your life, you have certainly been dowsed, and the older you are the more exposure you have undergone. In fact, if you have lived anywhere
diseases with these symptoms, many people wait to go to the doctor. Waiting only makes it worse. To treat necrotizing fasciitis, you need to go to have surgery to remove the infected area. You will be given antibiotics first, to slow down the bacterial toxins from decaying tissue faster. Surgery is the best way to ensure that the disease is gone, because having surgery to remove the infected area will completely get rid of the disease. The surgery only works if you see your doctor as soon as you think
as its only host and reservoir. It has multiple virulence factors that allow it to be an aggressive pathogen. B. pertussis has several virulence factors, mainly involving proteins that have been separated into 2 main classifications: adhesions and toxins. The adhesions category consists of the following: filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbriae (FIM), and pertactin (PRN). FHA is a very large surface protein, and it works to help B. pertussis attach to the host cell. FIM are surface appendages, a
not be able to enjoy a lot of the food and drinks that we consume daily without the threat of possibly becoming sick. Just a few of Pasteur’s contributions are the creation of pasteurization and the creations of vaccines to combat Rabies and the Anthrax disease. Louis Pasteur is a man of many accomplishments and is one of the biggest names in medical and scientific history. He’s benefited the world by his vaccinations and his creations of pasteurization alike. Louis Pasteur was born in the country
Anthrax is one of the most preferred biological warfare agents for many highly identified reasons. First, anthrax is extremely lethal. Anthrax can contain up to 100 million lethal doses in just one gram of anthrax spores, which is 100,000 times more lethal than any other biological warfare agent. It is also known that inhalation anthrax is almost always fatal if the symptoms are allowed to progress without any treatment. Anthrax is also the silent and invisible killer. On top of the fatality rate