lesion heals by scar formation dependent upon astrocytic reactivity, producing hardened patches or plaques from which the disease gets its name. the most common side of plaques are in the boundary grey matter in the cerebellum, cerebellar white matter, optic nerves, cervical portion of spinal cord and brain stem. Multiple sclerosis Diagnostic Criteria Numerous different diagnostic criteria have been proposed over the year. The criteria that colleagues formulated in 1965 was define of relapses worsening
patient allow a rational consideration of relevant alternate diagnosis. Potential multiple sclerosis “mimics” can be easily distinguished from other patients as most relapsing onset patients have either optic neuritis or myelitic syndromes. 1. Monosymptomatic demyelination It is a single attack of optic neuritis, horizontal myelitis or any other lesions limited to one anatomic localization at one point in time. It represents first incident of multiple sclerosis. It shares similar symptoms and covers
causes of POVL (postoperative vision loss) during prone surgery. POVL is not a common complication of nonopthalmic surgery but it can occur in one or both eyes. Vision loss after nonopthalmic surgery is generally related to five causes: Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), central retinal vein occlusion, cortical blindness, and glycine toxicity. Nagelhout (2014) further indicates that ION accounts for 89% of POVL after prone spinal procedures. Several devices