demand of development of compact antenna to support multiple applications that can be easily integrated within the small space that is available inside the device. In the case of, portable antenna technology has grown along with mobile and cellular technologies. Proper antenna for a device is the most important factor. This will improve transmission and reception of signals, reduce power consumption, long lasting and improve marketability of the device. Antennas used for early portable wireless
Wearable antennas are meant to be worn on human body so that it must be light weight, low profile, flexible, un-obstructive and rugged. To fulfill this requirements, textile materials are used to make wearable antennas. Electrical and dielectric properties of these textile materials are not readily available. Unlike, antennas embedded in portable devices, wearable antennas are designed to work in the complicated body-centric environment. Antenna performance near to human body is different than antenna
Long ago there lived a race of cat people who had much the same problems with antennas that we humans have today: bad reception during the last few seconds of a game, continual snow during their favorite part of their favorite movie, and a severe lack of the "magic position" that one is required to hold when covered in tin foil and grasping the antenna. Unfortunately for them, they did not have this web page to reference and therefore they died. This left an opening for humans. Initially, humans
the dielectric resonator antenna which replaced the simple form of antennas that were being used for the past ten years. These dielectric antenna have been of a great importance to the research work in antenna field as these have a great dielectric constant and higher Q factor than the other isotropic or directive antennas. Earlier these antennas were considered to be energy storage devices but in this paper we have made use of the DRA antennas as radiators. These antennas have been described with
2.4. Rectangular patch antenna Microstrip antenna is also called as a patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna contains of a two sides. One side is a radiating patch of a dielectric substrate and the other side is the ground plane side as shown in Fig 2.2. Generally, patch antenna consists of materials that have good conducting properties such as Gold and Copper and it can be made any possible shape. Figure 2.2: The simple design of rectangular patch antenna However, in order to simplify analysis
Radio frequency energy is the energy transmitted by sources that can generate electromagnetic fields like TV signals, radio signal, wireless networks and cell phone towers, by using specially designed circuits connected to a an antenna this electromagnetic energy can be harvested and converted into a usable DC voltage. One of the applications of this technology is in radio frequency identification tags in which harvesting device can receives an RF signal from a sensing device; this RF signal can
If voltage is applied to terminals of an antenna A and the current is measured at another antenna B, then an equal current (bot amplitude and phase) will appear at terminals of antenna A if same voltage is applied to antenna B. Application of reciprocity theorem Equality of Directional Patterns Statement: 'The directional pattern of an antenna as a receiving antenna is identical to that when used as a transmitting antenna." Proof: The above mentioned antenna theorem is the outcome of the application
Beamforming Networks and Multibeam Antenna Arrays for Low-Cost Satellite and Mobile Systems,” Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 18-30, 2011. [7] S. Sugawara, Y. Maita, K. Adachi and K. mizuno, “Characteristics of a mm-wave tapered slot antenna with corrugated edges,” in Proceedings IEEE MTT-S Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998, pp. 533-536. [8] T. Djerafi and K. Wu, “Corrugated Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antipodal Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna Array Fed by Quasi-Triangular
carry out my research work more efficiently in a group, require an exposure, and a nice microstrip antenna fabrication and characterization facility. I got excited looking at the research areas, faculty and lab at the Ohio state university, the research experience I have gained and the techniques and skills I have learned so far will be of immense help in carrying out work in Electromagnetic and Antennas in this university. It would be a great opportunity to be a part of this university as a PhD student
I. INTRODUCTION Wearable antennas are made by textile materials. Electrical properties of these textile materials are not readily available. Wearable antennas are designed to work in the complicated body centric environment. Performance of wearable antenna near to human body is different from free space performance. Effects on the antenna near human body are reduction of antenna gain, cross polarization level growth, radiation pattern fragmentation, and decreased antenna efficiency. These effects
bandwidth and spectrum. And by standing on the shoulders of giants, Teletarand Foschinigave the technique of MIMO system which would increase the spectral efficiency of the wireless system to its maximum compared to all the current technologies. Multiple antennas are used for transmission and reception to increases the capacity of the wireless channel.Capacity is expressed as the maximum achievable data rate for an arbitrarily low probabilityof error. Thistechnology received a fillip when TarokhEtA introduced
of an Aperture Coupled Microstrip Stacked Patch Antenna For WLAN Applications Abstarct- In this paper microstrip stacked patch antenna with 10mm air gap using aperture coupling technique at frequency of 5.8 GHz has been discussed. Microstrip antennas suffer from a biggest drawback of narrow bandwidth and this can be improved by a technique called aperture coupling and further by stacking of antennas without increase in surface area of antenna. Without stacking bandwidth comes out to be 310 MHz
The Art of Calf Roping It’s 2:00 a.m. Sunday morning. Jake and I are headed down the longest stretch of road in Texas. We have just pulled out of El Paso and are on the way to Fredericksburg to participate in the Frontier Days Rodeo. We were fortunate to have put together a decent run on our last draw and win enough day-money to keep us going for a while. Jake and I are rodeo-bums, to be specific, calf ropers. I am the one who tries to throw the loop of a rope around a calf’s neck and Jake is
INTRODUCTION Throughout the history of civilizations man tried to establish his own way to express himself and represent his ideas to others. These ways, which are defined as languages, supported the ability to communicate, providing one of the most essential instincts needed by mankind. For not over than few tens of meters, man’s sheer voice formed the first and simplest humanist wireless communication scheme, where the frequencies produced from the man's throat vibrates the surrounding air molecules
Do the Air Force radar systems that are located across the country know as PAVE PAWS, which are capable of detecting ballistic missile attacks and that are used for general space surveillance affect the health of individuals who live in the area surrounding these systems? The United States Air Force has 2 American locations that have radar systems that are used for protection from foreign attacks as well as general surveillance of space. These systems are know as PAVE PAWS. PAVE being a military
of us radios are almost a necessity, but how much do we know about how they function? Antennas are one of the key pieces to a radio. Antennas come in a variety of shapes and sizes; they vary from large arrays to a small wire. Much of this variance is based on the broad use of radio waves and practicality; for instance you wouldn't use an antenna from a small radio to send a signal to a satellite. Antennas work by creating a resonating flow of charge along its element. The resonance is caused
concluded that the problem was definitely the new antenna my father had just bought. I quickly rose from my seat and brought down the antenna from the top of the TV. At the time, indoor analogue antennas were quite common in the country. I decided to open and take a look inside the antenna so I could figure out what the problem was.Even though I had no idea what I was going to do, I was confident that I was going to fix the antenna myself.
engineering. Working in the electrical engineering department with two other students from different high schools, we had to work as a group to design, fabricate, and test a Quasi-Yagi antenna. Not only did we have conduct research, we also had to present
are two types of phones, one has the antenna mounted on the handset and the other has the antenna mounted on a separate transmitter or, if the telephone is installed in a vehicle, mounted on the roof or rear window. Communication between a mobile telephone and the nearest base station is achieved by the microwave emissions from the antenna. Concerns have been raised about the type of mobile telephone that has the antenna in the handset. In this case, the antenna is very close to the user's head during
Photosynthetic organisms have the ability to convert solar energy into electrochemical energy. This creates a dynamic relationship between the organisms and the light that they absorb. Although light is required to drive photosynthesis, the photosynthetic machinery can only tolerate so much of it. Excess light may lead to the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates resulting in oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (Niyogi, 1999). Therefore it is necessary for organisms such as the