Free Androgen receptor Essays and Papers

serious side effects in the patients (12, 13). Unlike chemotherapy, hormonal treatment (one of biological targeted therapy) has fewer side effects, but the tumors need to express hormonal receptors in their cells (8, 14). Up to date, there are two kinds of hormonal treatment for breast cancer; anti-estrogen receptor drug (eg. Tamoxifen) (15-17) and aromatase inhibitors (eg. Letrozole) (10, 18, 19). Biological targeted therapy is a new way to flight against breast cancer, but the cost is still very high

Introduction Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a genetic X-linked recessive disorder where affected males have mostly female sex characteristics or signs of both male and female sexual development. Individuals with this condition are genetically male; they contain both an X and Y chromosome (Barbaro et al., 2007). Mutations in the androgen receptor gene are what cause androgen insensitivity syndrome in individuals. This gene produces androgen receptors which are important to males. Without

Glands in the body produce hormones which act as chemical signals. The hormones travel through the bloodstream and affect how the cells and tissues act in the body. Androgens are male sex hormones which aid in the development and maintenance of traits in a man. The most common androgens in a male are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone is mainly released by the testicles; however, small amounts of the hormone are produced by the adrenal glands. Male hormones, especially testosterone

of corticotrophin releasing factor receptors (CRFs), which are also found in the HPA axis. When the CRF receptor type 1 (CRF1) is activated, the neuroendocrine responds and anxiety-like behavior increases, but when CRF2 is activated, these responses are decreased. From this the authors form the question, “Are their sex-specific differences in the expression of CRF receptors?” They then hypothesize that there is indeed a difference in the expression of CRF receptors in male and females. Methods

treatment provided w... ... middle of paper ... ...ors It is now certain that androgen treatment has an unfavorable effect on the lipid profile. It places female-to-male transsexuals in the risk category of men; therefore, patients must be advised not to smoke, to exercise moderately, and to prevent extreme weight gain and high blood pressure. After surgical sex reassignment including ovariectomy, androgen therapy must be continued to prevent symptoms of hormone deprivation and osteoporosis

As our understanding of the chemical basis for biology has grown, we have learned more about how molecules which constitute life. Many scientists are beginning to understand the connections between the physical and psychological matters and the molecules that cause them. As a result, we can now use these new understandings of medicine against any dangerous or unpleasant conditions. For example, depression can be treated with drugs that can revive the brain to its normal level. Many medicines and

(blood stream). If there were no receptor sites for the hormones in the body, then they would continue to flow along the river and probably not make their destination. However, there are systems of receptor sites that enable specific hormones to bind in specific places. Structure also plays a major role in determining which hormones are able to bind to which receptors. When these “messages in bottles'; reach their appointed destination, the binding into the receptor site causes a cascade of reactions

Roland Kruse from Dusseldorf University in 2005 discovered that the main cause of alocepia is hereditary factors which either because of high androgen receptor formed or variant receptor which develops as a result of genetic change. In addition according to Hoffman (2002), “The most common form of alopecia in men is believed to be due excessive activity of androgens on the scalp where the hairs become miniaturized and pigment production is stopped.” Hamilton (1951); Hoffman (2002); Price (2003); Severi

Steroids Steroids are any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins. These drugs are for the most part, used within a broad context of operant drug taking that includes the use of ergogenic, thermogenesis, anorexigents, and ancillary drugs in which that are harmful to one’s body. Most centrally, anabolic compounds promote better utilization

a synthetic version of the male hormone, testosterone; they are biological derivatives of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone that interact with androgen receptors to increase muscle and bone synthesis. They were given to males with abnormal hormonal levels or to induce puberty. Males born with hormonal deficiencies were given shots of anabolic-androgen steroids to help them live semi-normal lives. Even today, steroids are prescribed to help bone growth, development and the loss of appetite. Bodybuilders