Druids Evidence of their culture is basically archeological, it has also come from oral tradition, dating back to shortly before the fifth century AD. Knowledge of all the Druids besides the Celtic ones has been found from and around the third century BC to the fourth century AD. Blacksmithing was an important craft to the Celts. Tools of knives, shears and axe-heads were made to stock patterns across the Celtic World. Iron was also used to make decorative and functional pieces which were very elaborate
Over the years, literature of ancient Greece and Rome has affected art, religion, philosophy, science and mathematics, medicine, drama, and poetry profoundly. It has served as a basic model for the development of later European literatures and, consequently, the writings of the historians, geographers, philosophers, scientists, and rhetoricians are read today as sources of historical information and enjoyment. Alfred Whitehead, the famous British philosopher-mathematician, once commented that: “[A]ll
The Trinovantes’ earliest interaction with Rome occurs during Julius Caesar’s British campaign in 55 B.C. During his campaign, Caesar’s protection is requested by Mandubracius, the young son of the deceased Trinovantian king, Imanuentius. In his account, Caesar brings the Trinovantes under his protection—only after they agree to his terms—and describes the tribe as “almost the most powerful state of those parts” (Caesar 5.20, De Bello Gallico). It can be inferred from this passage that the Trinovantes
SPAIN Geography Roughly 85% of the present day Iberian Peninsula is occupied by Spain as Portugal covers the remaining western territory. Discovered by the ancient Greeks around 500 BC, Iberian Peninsula was the name given to the area not described by a single political entity of specific population. Mostly surrounded by water, the eastern coastline of the Peninsula is over 2,059 mi bordering the Mediterranean and 1,653 mi on its west end on the Atlantic ocean. History The oldest remains of human
Modern American culture thrives on the ancient religions of the Greeks and Romans. The Hellenistic myths are kept alive today in the popular culture of the western world. Yet little is commonly known of the religions and myths of the ancient people just to the north of the Romans; the Celts (7). The Celtic region spanned the British Isles, and the north western portion of the European continent from prehistoric times until the Roman invasion in the first century where the region shrunk to Ireland
Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian Settlement at Cottam Excavation of the Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian settlement at Cottam B (NGR 49754667) continued in July 1995, directed by Dr J.D. Richards for the Department of Archaeology, University of York. Work focused on a possible 10th-century settlement focus, c.200m NE of the 8th/9th-century site investigated in 1993. Two Norse bells, a 10th-century spearhead and a Jellinge-style brooch had been recovered from this area by metal-detector users, and
One of the most important inventions of all time was the invention of gunpowder. “Imagine their enemy's surprise when the Chinese first demonstrated their newest invention in the eighth century AD. Chinese scientists discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). The military applications were clear. New weapons were rapidly developed, including rockets and others that were launched from a bamboo tube” (Franklin Institute)
stones weighing as much as 40 tons were said to be transferred from Wales, which was a distance of about 137 miles. With the use of radiocarbon analysis at the site of Stonehenge it has been determined that the monument was built between 3000 and 1500 BC. The original purpose of Stonehenge has been lost in the pages of time, and therefore has been a major topic of discussion for archaeologists. Since the mid 12th century archaeologist, geologists, historians, and even some authors have put forth their
1. “Bronze statuette of Aphrodite” Date: late 2nd or 1st century B.C. Culture: Greece This statue of Aphrodite shows the dedication the Greeks had to their gods. The bronze goddess, holding her right arm in the air, gives off a powerful attitude. As the pose itself of the statue is not bland and more active, it gives the impression that this was created during the classical period of Greece when sculpture began having more relaxed, natural poses. The lack of more painstaking muscle and bone structure
Artistic Motifs • The Hejia Village Hoard (found near Chang’an) includes vessels with bases in the Sassanian style, a small bowl with lions, ribbon-carrying birds, and pearls (Iranian motifs), a silver cup with a shape suggesting a Sogdian vessel and Western faces, a cup with an eight-lobed shape, a pearl border, and alternating hunters on horseback (Sassanian) and Chinese women with instruments. Some of these vessels are believed to be foreign-made while other are believed to have been made in China
Philippi: A City of Immeasurable Significance Philippi is a city rich in ancient history, and is possibly the most important archeological site of the great plain of eastern Macedonia.? The ancient town has seen the fate of the West played out within its borders on several occasions and majestic ruins left from the town?s extraordinary history testify to the great civilizations that have inhabited the region.? Philippi is most famous for two reasons: it was the scene of one of the most decisive
of the first millennium BC in the vast territory of the central Italy Tirrena delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, very rich in natural resources, the Etruscans came to occupy, at the time of maximum expansion, large areas of the valley of the Po, up to the Adriatic, and part of the Campania coastal. Even Rome was subjected to political and cultural influence of Etruria under the dynasty of the Etruscan Tarquinios, that would reign in Rome between the end of the seventh century BC and the last
and the Secret of Enoch (2 Enoch) . A majority of the Book of Enoch was written during the Maccabean revolt, but some scholars state that the latter half of the Book can be dated as early as 1st century BC. 2 Enoch, like 3 Enoch is also tough to date, but it can be dated around the end of the 1st century BC, due to the language it is written in . From the knowledge available on these texts, we are able to date when this text was written, as well as which communities used this text. It is clear
“What gave rise to urbanisation in the Mediterranean region?” What is urbanisation? To ‘urbanise’ is to ‘make (a rural area) more industrialized and urban’ , urban meaning ‘of or living in a city or town’ . Marja C.V. Vink argues that “The word urbanization was used for the first time in Spain a little more than one hundred years ago” to show the “quantitative and qualitative growth if cities” . The degree of urbanisation is quite different when comparing towns or cities of antiquity to the modern
In my past experience with learning writing, I can group the ways I have been taught into three categories. I have learned by teaching myself how to write, have learned in an academic setting, and have learned through hands-on experience in a professional setting. The first time that I attempted to write, as I know understand it, was for the purpose of writing a book. At the time, I was only ten years old, so it wound up being a series of short stories consisting of no more than a few pages each
Throughout history, writing has had many various uses that have helped record information from history to the present day. Writing has obtained many different uses as to how and what we use writing today. When writing was formed in 3200 B.C. it was used to record and communicate. We have since then used writing for numerous issues such as recording information in which we may learn about the past, and for poetry or literature for people, both children and adults, to read and learn from. People
Çatalhöyük is an archaeological site in Anatolia whose settlement last from approximately 6500 BC to 5720 BC by James Mellaart’s dating. Although the dates given by the current excavating team are from 7300 BC to 6100 BC. Çatalhöyük is most active during the VII to the V levels occurring between 6600 BC to 6300 BC. This can be proven by looking at what makes Çatalhöyük change. Çatalhöyük is a display of amazing continuity over centuries, contrasted strongly by what changes do occur- often in the
have seized the opportunities afforded to them by fate to their advantage. Despite the oppression of patriarchal societies, these pioneers carved a place for themselves on the walls of the past. Clodia Metelli, who was a Roman aristocrat born in 95 BC, was one of most enigmatic female figures to emerge from ancient Rome. Clodia was a descendant of a powerful line of politicians, so she was soon swept into a world of wealth. Because she was connected to potent people, Clodia seized the opportunity
Julius Caesar: Brutus Is The Protagonist "He who will not reason is a bigot; he who cannot is a fool; and he who dares not, is a slave." - Sir William Drumman All men have the power to reason. Some men can reason better, and more thorough than others. Yet nonetheless, all men can reason. In order to reason, one must clear his mind, be completely impartial, and understand the situation to the best of his ability. The play Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare, is the story of a man trying his
Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro Caelia By Cicero’s oration in defense of M. Caelius Rufus shows many substantive and stylistic borrowings from the Roman Theater, particularly the comedies of the 2nd century b.c.e. This would scarcely seem remarkable to Cicero, to employ such devices is only to make use of the tools of his trade, as a practical and practicing rhetorician. In this case using the theater as a framing device to guide his audience’s response. So too would