Penguins search optimization algorithm: A new meta-heuristic algorithm based on swarm intelligence technique is Penguin Search Optimization Algorithm (Pe-SOA). This algorithm is developed by (Y. Gheraibia and A. Moussaoui, 2013) the inspiration of the hunting habitation of Penguins. All other optimization methods are busy with optimizing the objective functions but here the search process has been improved by using rules for hunting. The population of penguins are divided into numerous groups and every group is allocated to a section in the whole space of solution. Every penguin travels randomly by dives and swims to seek the food (fish) when oxygen reserves are not exhausted. Different ways of communications are happened among the penguins …show more content…
The strongest and energetic mammal in the biosphere is lion which has unique habitation. They are in two categories of organization, one is Resident and other is nomad. Resident lions live in a cluster, termed as pride in which the females and males in resident are joining to give birth. Territory is the area in which the pride of lions’ lives. Nomad lions are the one who move or left out from the pride occasionally. When a nomad tries to attack the pride, the residents of should defend against them. If the territorial lion gets defeated by nomadic lion, then the nomadic lion will destroy or throw out the territorial lion and its cubs. Then the nomadic lion will pressure the female territorial lion to breed for its descendants. After a cub of territory attain the maturity of sexual breed, it might kill the territorial lion and try to takeover the pride as it is stronger and healthier than present territorial lion. Then again it will kill the cubs of that territorial lion and try to mate with female territorial lion and create its own offspring. Any lion can switch to any of its 2 typed of social organization. Residents may become nomads and vice versa (Maziar Yazdani, Fariborz Jolai,
The main evolutionary advantage of giving up aerial flight is the improved swimming ability; in particular being able to swim quickly helps in catching fish and being able to dive to great depths (studies show that some modern penguins can dive up to 300meters) which greatly increases the range of food which is available to hunt. Another major influence in the evolution of penguins is likely to have been the availability of vast amounts of food in the ocean. The beak up of the Proto-continent, Gondwanaland, was completed around 200,000,000 years ago and left the Antarctic continent completely surrounded by an ocean. The resulting cold currents established in the southern ocean (once the polar ice cap had formed) made them rich in nutrients and then led to the huge amounts of fish and crustaceans in the area.
Physical characteristics of the Golden Lion Tamarin that are unique to the species include the claws used for forage for food, climbing, hanging, and digging in the place of nails. The golden coat of the Golden Lion Tamarin has given th...
Thanks to evolution, Penguins have evolved into a group of aquatic, fightless birds, that are highly adapted to life in the ocean. This not only makes them one of the divergent and strange species of birds, but also has allowed them to become such a sucessful species. Penguins are mostly located in the Southern hemisphere ranging anywhere from the Galapogos to the Antartic. Throughout their lives, Penguins spend around half their time in the ocean doing things such as catching food and the other half on land raising their young. Their distinct tuxedo-like apperience called countershading camoflages their bodies, protecting them from predators above and below. Through out the “stepping stones”, the penguins grew to have a dense bone containing
...ears old and are ready to attempt to bring back the species. At the Turtleback zoo, the main zookeeper for the leopards Danielle agreed to be interviewed for the project. She said as part of the Species Survival Plan, each zoo equipped with the facilities to house the leopards are given a breeding pair in hopes they can produce viable offspring. After the cubs are born, the father is sent away and the babies stay with the mother for about a year. After this year, the cubs, from zoos around the world with Amur leopards, in the Species Survival Program, are paired up by the genetic variation of the new offspring. They are sent to different zoo with their breeding pair to repeat the process. Some of the pairs may even be sent back their natural habitat and be released into the wild in order to boost the wild population (Interview with Turtleback Zookeeper Danielle).
There are many factors that surround the life and survival of the cheetah and it’s young. When a mother has a litter of cubs it puts a lot of stress on her to be able to provide them with food. A mother might leave her young for up to forty-eight hours while she is looking for food to help maintain her milk supply. If the mother is not able to find enough food for lactation she will abandon her cubs. This poor parenting behavior results in an increase in infant mortality rate because the young are left unprotected while she is searching for food. Poor parenting behavior is a large part of cub mortality during the first year, which leads to the decline in the cheetah population. During the first four months of a cheetah’s life they are very immobile and when left alone they are very susceptible to predators, and due to this only nine percent will survive. Cub mortality increases after the first four months because the cubs become more visible. They are leaving the home and are very uncoordinat...
Lions are amazing and beautiful creatures, however they are getting placed in canned hunts and circuses. These are two reasons that are causing us to lose more of these amazing creatures. When lions get to old to be in petting zoo's or even normal zoo's they end up in circuses and things called "canned hunts" where they get locked in a small space and get hunted for about one million dollars. Animals can just be put in a sanctuary instead of being hunted.
Peterson, Richard S., and George A. Bartholomew. {The Natural History and Behavior of the California Sea Lion}. Los Angeles: American Society of Mammalogists, 1967.
Kagan R, Veasey J. Challenges of Zoo Animal Welfare. In: Kleiman DG, Thompson KV, Baer CK, editors. Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management, 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. p. 11-21.
Big game trophy chasing is a sorry excuse for protection, particularly when 75 percent of wild lions have been murdered in the most recent 20 years, and this number is prone to increment quickly in the following decade if nothing is done.Though chasing gatherings frequently assert that a little measure of controlled trophy chasing does not hurt populaces, it seems, by all accounts, to be lies now taking a gander at the diminishing populace of lions. "Roughly 600 lions are murdered consistently on trophy chases, incorporating lions in populaces that are as of now declining from other threats".The grown-up male lions are the most searched out by rich outside trophy hunters.When a grown-up male lion is slaughtered, the destabilization of that lion's pride can prompt more lion passings as outside guys contend to assume control over the pride.
In todays generation, lions are commonly known to represent power, strength, and loyalty, but surprisingly in ancient times lion symbolism was associated with “the sun, regal power, justice and resurrection, their roles as guardians, as well as the negative symbolism of power abused” (Werness 255). Werness went on to state the earliest lion images originally appeared in Egypt and the Ancient near East (255). Throughout this reading, it is clear that Werness believed lions played an important role among nature as he included small references such as mentioning lions “human dominance over nature” (256). More specially in terms of nature he describes them as representing “the two mountains on the eastern and western horizons where the sun rose and set.” (Werness 255). One could infer this deeper by assuming that a lion could represent a time frame, such as a new month or simply the beginning on a new journey. It is important to point out the role as guardian for a lion could be ideally associated with King Khafre guarding and protecting his own people, which could ultimately note the conclusion of King Khafre being greatly revered by his people in
In order for one to understand the danger possessed by penguins, a background of the species and evolution is necessary. The impact people have on penguins is mostly destructive, and the future possibilities are gloomy if things don’t change. The endangerment of penguins is being perpetuated by human actions and these actions must cease for penguins to stay alive.
It desires to be free, to roam without borders. It wants to create its own freedom, but it must kill other animals to maintain the lion’s “king of the jungle” reputation. The camel is only a beast of burden. A beast of prey is required for the task of capturing freedom. The might of the lion can perform the task. One either conforms, or one is trampled underneath another. But the might of the lion says, "I will!" The lion is the beginning of the will to power, or the will to create new realities. The lion can not create new values. However, the lion’s might is what captures freedom for itself. The lion must understand that now there is no guiding hand of a transcendental God, or the firm foundation of a realm of absolute ideas. There is no external authority. Now, the lion is alone; it is responsible for itself. There are no more laws, no more duties for it to
...act, a fraction of the wild animal population is specially directed to be killed. Because of this hunting actually causes overpopulation and ecological disturbance. While hunters believe they control the populations of the animals they kill, natural predators, wolves, bears, and mountain lions , are the actual ecosystem managers, if they too are not hunted.
Lions are one of the world’s most famous predators. Their preys ranges from insects to giraffes; but they prefer large animals such as zebras and wildebeast. The lion will cautiously stalk its prey until it is within close range and it will sprint reaching speeds about 50 to 60 km/h. The lion will usually take its prey down by the neck using its huge jaws and razor sharp claws. The female is the hunter and will have the first meat, soon after the male comes to share the meat.
Snow Leopard’s are found living in the high, rugged mountains of Central and South Asia. They live in areas like Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. The conditions in the high Central Asia Mountains are harsh and brutal. The Snow Leopards are prepared for these types of conditions. Snow Leopards like the jagged broken cliffs, and rocky ravines stalk and sneak up on the nearby prey. Snow Leopards are very nomadic, they constantly move around marking territory to find prey. They look for cliffs that have a good open view to search for prey on. They have thick long fur, which will keep them warm in their cold habitats and which will protect them from the wind. Their bodies are very stocky but have very bulk chests and arms. They also have small rounded ears, which help to minimize heat loss. Their paws are wide to benefit them to walking on snow, a...