Data Collection Method
One of the methods that will be chosen to collect data for the research project will be the use of a case study. The participants will be carefully chosen from organizations in the retail sector. The organizations that will be selected will provide a well-diversified portfolio of both smaller and larger size and across multiple areas of product and service offerings. The purpose for this is to provide an expanded opinion base that could potentially allow the study to be expanded to a broader applicability model for the results.
Once the organizations are established, the participants from these organizations will be chosen carefully through a series of interviews to determine their level of reliability and contribution to the study. Each candidate will go through three interviews with three different interviewers. The interviewers will ask the candidates open-ended questions that will test their reliability and credibility to the study. The interviewers will have a predetermined set of questions that will be asked to the interviewee. Each session will last fifteen to twenty minutes in length. Once all interviews have been completed, the interviewers will discuss the findings from each interview with the candidate to pick the best choices. A total of twenty participants will be chosen to be a part of the case study and they will be provided $100 at the end of the process as a gesture of appreciation for their time.
The participants will go through a series of three sessions with each lasting one to two hours. Each participant will sign a consent form to ensure that legal protocol is achieved. The interviewer will ask open-ended questions so that the participant can provide honest and detailed...
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...ative data analysis software: A call for understanding, detail, intentionality, and thoughtfulness. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 4(2), 122-137.
Nunan, D. & DiDomenico, M. L. (2013). Market research and the ethics of big data. International Journal of Market Research, 55(4), 2-13.
Padgett, D. K. (2004). The qualitative research experience. (1st ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.
Silva, J. A., Faria, E. R., Barros, R. C., Hruschka, E. R., De Carvalho, A. P., & Gama, J. (2013). Data stream clustering: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 46(1), 13-13:31. doi:10.1145/2522968.2522981
Sweeney, A., Greenwood, K. E., Williams, S., Wykes, T., Rose, D. S. (2013). Hearing the voices of service user researchers in collaborative qualitative data analysis: The case for multiple coding. Heath Expectations, 16(4), 89-99. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2012.00810.x
4. I will be obtaining an oral consent from the participant before the interview will start. They will verbally agree to have understood the information and topic for the research study and understand that their participation is
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., Macqueen, K., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods a data collector's field guide. Research Triangle Park, N.C.: Family Health International.
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. Retrieved from http://www.fhi.org
...d for consent to proceed with the study. The participants were given thorough instructions that at any during the survey you can withdrawal your participation in the research, and that this is to benefit research to society. Participation is this survey was voluntary was emphasized. Participants were told that the surveys should take no longer than fifteen minutes and the personal information will remain confidential their results may be shared, but for research purposes only. The questionnaire will have a demographic sheet and a 50 item questionnaire divided into two sections. One part has a four point Likert scale (0= Almost Never, 1=Sometimes, 2= Often, 3 =Almost Always) and the other part is a selection of A or B. It was also reiterated that the participants had the right to withdraw from the research study at any time; there will be no consequences or penalty.
The topics featured in Gandy’s article focuses on the notion of “racially coded data” (1) and how the data is translated into information that may or may not be put to the greatest use. Meaning that targeting certain races with a number of issues with the intention of aiding them, May actually cause more harm than help. He tries to argues that “racial statistics have not only come to represent the distribution of life chances in ways that continue to place African Americans down the bottom of the pile” (5) and then follows on by illustrating “some of the ways in which many of the same statistics are used to ensure that their status is less likely to improve” (5). He mentions this idea of a ‘racial disparity’ focusing on African Americans alone discussing racial coding as and what he calls the ‘panoptic sort’ have become ‘discriminatory technology and then states that how it “operates to the detriment of segments of the population” (7).
Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007).
Within scientific research there is always a strong debate between those that prefer quantitative methods and those who prefer qualitative ones. proponents of quantitative methods have built the standards in experimental research and in researches performed on a large number of subjects and which use sampling criteria and statistical analysis techniques. On the other side, the qualitative method uses procedures of qualitative nature both at the level of collecting the data as well as the level of analyzing them (Tagliapietra, Trifan, Raineri & Lis, 2009). The gathering data procedures include: interviews, group discussions, observations, journals; while the analysis procedures include coding, categorizations and systematic confrontation between the categories and their dimensions. Such research is often defined as an explorative one, opposite to “classical” scientific research aiming to confirm / disconfirm initial hypothesis. Among the qualitative methods used in the scientific research we can list: Focus Group, Speech Analysis, Conversation Analysis, Grounded Theory and Phenomenological Interpretative Analysis (Tagliapietra, Trifan, Raineri & Lis, 2009).
These obstacles include the wholesomeness of the data, analytical knowledge, an understanding of statistics, and several other philosophical and educational challenges. Gathering the data is usually half the battle in the analytics game. The data collected could include social networking information, sales lists, real estate listings, product lists, and product reviews and can be gathered into structured storage and analyzed. The gathered data proves to be a valuable resource for businesses that look to analytics in order to enhance their market
Qualitative research has gained significant recognition in the social science sphere with its holistic and purposeful pursuit in illuminating new areas for research lacking through quantitative research. (Carey, 2012; Cleary, Horsfall, & Hayter, 2014; Reeves, Kuper, & Hodges, 2008; Stevenson, Britten, Barry, Barber, & Bradley, 2000; Thyer, 2012). Qualitative research uses a variety of methodologies to explore an individual’s inner world, expand our understanding of a social phenomenon, and advance and discover new theories (Carey, 2012; Fortune, Reid, & Miller, 2013; Saldana, 2011; Thyer, 2012). Stevenson (2000) describes qualitative research as an in-depth investigation into the inner world of reasoning, decision-making and meaning. Furthermore, qualitative research takes into account the context and history that shapes presented information and ventures to understand participant’s experiences, thoughts, opinions, and feelings towards their social reality (Ivey, 2012; Nielsen, 2011; Thyer, 2012).
focused on the key qualitative research methods. For each article review, a brief description, guided by Myers (2013), and a critique, guided Pratt (2009), is provided. A summary of the five articles identifying the research method, data collection technique, data analysis approach and critique is provided in Table 1. The narrative review of each article coupled with figures and tables to organize and visualize thoughts (Pratt, 2009) follows the summary table.
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
HARRIS, H., MURPHY, S., & VAISMAN, M. (2013).Analyzing the analyzers an introspective survey of data scientists and their work.Sebastopol, Calif, O'Reilly Media.http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com/9781449368388.
Companies have transformed technology from a supporting tool into a strategic weapon.”(Davenport, 2006) In business research, technology has become an essential means that many organizations use in their daily operations. According to the article, Analytics is a major technological tool used. It is described as “the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions."(Davenport, 2006) Data is compiled to enhance business practices. When samples are taken, they are used to examine research and understand how to solve problems or why situations are as they are. Furthermore, in this article, Thomas Davenport discusses analytics from a business standpoint. He refers to organizations that have been successful in their usage of data and statistical analysis. In addition, he also discusses how data and statistics can be vital in the efforts to improve the operations of businesses.
Qualitative data analysis is the process of transforming data into information, information into understanding and understanding into knowledge (Davenport & Prusak, 1998). Furthermore, qualitative data analysis can be described as a blend of scientific studies and artistic style to create an innovative product. The research acts as the primary research tool, and must be able to sustain composer throughout the entire study. In addition, the researcher must be able to pay attention to the small details of the study, without losing sight of the big picture of the study (Chenail, 2012).
Stejskal, S.M. (2010) Quatiative and Qualitative Research Methods are not and should not be Mutually Exclusive, Grinn Verlag.