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Using the Normative Decision Model essay
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Thompson’s (1995) four hypothesis can be recalled as (1) bureaucratic efforts for their survival (2) conditionality of donor agencies (3) failure of blue print approach and (4) success of participatory approach adopted by other organisations.
The case study evolved reveals that the hypothesis of organisational change to adopt participatory approach to ensure bureaucracy’s survival is not applicable in GSDA case. The organisation is not facing any threats of cuts in the size of bureaucracy due to any financial crisis in Government. While the first hypothesis is not applicable, others are discussed in detail as they find relevance with the case study.
6.1. Conditionality of Donor Agency
The case study derives that the hypothesis of organisational change to adopt participatory approach out of donor agency’s agenda has significantly influenced GSDA to opt participatory approach. Though there is no direct pressure from the donor agency to adopt participatory approach in its working, the success of WB pilot projects in the State has greatly influenced GSDA and the policy makers to regularise this new approach. Subsequently, it acted as a driving force to involve local community in the process of planning, design, implementation and operation and maintenance of the projects. The projects proposed an Institutional Model through which the management of GW is attempted. This Institutional Model, in turn, was designed to get representation from all types of groups in the society including women. The training component of WB project helped change the mindset of GSDA staff towards new approaches and face the new challenges in GW management.
The services like social assessment, community mobilization, IEC awareness campaigning were...
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...SDA crops up the hidden issue that whether it could institutionalise the participatory approach. While working in GSDA, I found that though participatory approach is incorporated in various projects and schemes, its institutionalisation process is yet to start. It has to go long way in its policies and functioning to arrive at community oriented organisation in true sense.
Author advocates that GSDA should become a learning organisation and create confidence among the staff for carrying out relevant experiments. GSDA has collected enormous scientific data since its formation that should put to use by community. It should keep close contacts with NGOs, academicians and experts in the field of GW management. With the adaptation of community oriented approaches, it should change from mere technical organisation to the techno-sociological organisation in true spirit.
In order to lead and be successful you have to be willing to embrace change. Myatt (2012) explained that “leadership demands fluidity, which requires the willingness to recognize the need for change, and finally, the ability to lead change”. Change needs to be recognized in every organization. Organizations must undergo change to subsist. Each area of an organization needs to be assessed to lead change properly. Lastly, the change process must be managed. It is demanding that change agents are arranged for success and not failure by providing them with the proper tools, talent, resources, responsibility and authority necessary for the job (Myatt, 2012).
Change is actually one of the things in life that can never be avoided, no matter how hard we try; it is the one constant in life. When it comes to organizations however, change can often be difficult, if not impossible, depending on a number of factors including employee receptiveness. There have been many studies completed on the cause of resistance to change. In Coch and French’s research study (1948) they asked two important questions surrounding resistance, “(1) Why do people resist change so strongly? and (2) What can be done to overcome this resistance?” Most change program experts will certainly name resistance to change as one of the largest obstructions to successfully executing change programs.
Through the past four years studying for Social Policy and Administration, I paid more attention to the current political system, especially about social welfare sectors. I realized that the lack of supervision system is the major contributor evoking poor quality welfare services in third sectors. Lump Sum Grant Subvention System (LSGSS) is the present subvention system for NGOs. To describe euphemistically as it means, LSGSS provides flexibility to NGOs in order to make use of the subsidy on the welfare services. Nevertheless, the truth is, the lack of transparency of using funding provokes to the familiar issues as exploitation of front line social
Systems and structures provide the organizational foundation, but it is the human capital that really provides for the success or failure of any organization. In order for real change to happen, the staff needs to fully embrace the vision and the systems of change. This can only be accomplished if they feel respected, valued and involved in all parts of the change process. It is important to authentically embrace this group and treat them as colleagues in the process. This is the group that is responsible for implementing all systems and providing the public relations for the structure. The
Change is an inevitable part of life involving individuals and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a significant organizational change. The analysis will explore the change, the reason behind the change, key players, the timeframe, the outcomes, leadership strategies, mistakes made by key players and suggestions to alleviate the mistakes.
The proposed paper is an extension of a term paper written towards incorporation in my final Master’s thesis. In the Creating a Research Space Model or CARS model (Swales, 1990) the project can currently be placed in the “Establishing a Niche” stage. The gist of this project lies in analyzing and developing framework for “transparent communication” between social enterprises and their partner organization to maximize impact of their project’s “civic calling”. The project will be a qualitative ethnographical enquiry for a short six-month project with a social enterprise to study all aspects of interaction with its partner organization. The aim of the project is to delve into the aspect of communication that social enterprise leaders emulate
Management and leadership are viewed as two different perspectives in the business environment. As described by Dr. Warren Bennis ‘Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are people who do the right thing’, this means that managers do things by the set rules and follow company policy, while leaders follow their own intuition, which may in turn be of more benefit to the company.
Technology helps them in communication, coordination and execution of roles and responsibilities amid many other functions. Thus, any organization change strategy needs to focus upon the three most important elements as structure, people and technology. Change in structure brings dilution of existing roles and responsibilities and new structure is established (corkindale, 2011). Strong organizational culture (Madu, 2007) thrives on core values which is acknowledged and respected by everyone in the organization. Core values are the guiding force for employees and they require minimum regulation to govern themselves.One such theory is proposed by Ansoff and McDonnell which says that organizations identify opportunities and threat in outside environment and change themselves to exploit the opportunities and counter the threats. It is the responsive behaviour of organization to change with the change in environment. Ralph Douglas Stacey has put organizational change in different manner and devised Stacey matrix (Zimmerman, 2007). It has identified different scenarios and approach of navigation that are faced by management and leadership in decision making
There are numerous academic textbooks, articles and journals on managing organisational change but there is no one hard-and-fast or specific textbook answer. This report attempts to interpret, analyse and provide a critical review of some of the various organisational change approaches that were published from as early as the 1940s. A total of 10 theories from a combination of academic articles and textbooks were read.
Organizational Change "The effectiveness of organizational change is greatest when a firm’s strategy is consistent with environmental conditions and there is internal consistency." (D A Nadler, 2003:204) The only thing that is constant in this world is change and this is widely acknowledged by many in the world, may it be a corporation or a social forum or a governmental body. What comes in this world has to experience change in the light of environmental elements and pressures and influences, internal or external. The study of organizational behavior gives that environmental factors are the political, legal, economic, demographic, technological, social and societal. While these are the external environmental factors that are and cannot be counted among the controllable factors for an organization, they do in fact influence organizational structure, policies and strategies. In turn, the internal environment of the organization, that is very much controlled by the management of the organization and comprises of the top to bottom managerial levels, the staff, the employees, the board of directors, the owners etc. this internal environment, is to a great extent the result of external environmental factors, the change of which results in the direct impact on the internal environment of the organization. As such in lieu of external environmental factors; change agents with in the organization tend to accept the change in their external factors and tries to bring about a compatible change within the internal environment of the organization. The effectiveness of the change that is being brought about with in the organization as a result of the changing external environmental forces is best when, as described by Nadler, the internal facto...
Hatch (2011) has classified organisational theory into four groups. The first group is “Classical Organisation Theory”, this group is based on the belief as capitalist groups use the organisation as a control and exploit the labor force to maximum profit, and the workers are treated as if they were just one production cost and also just a product that was bought and sold in the exchange market. Under such conditions, workers will experience self-alienation with their work. The second group is “Modern Organisation Theories”, this attempted to explain the whole phenomenon of science, and social sciences from atomic level, molecular, organ, and organ to individual, group, and social. This divide system level into
Combinations of different experiences and education have developed a variety of assumptions about how an organisation works. The use of metaphors when describing organisation movements and change is an important way in which we express these assumptions (Cameron and Green, 2012). Gareth Morgan’s (1986) work on organizational metaphors is good for understanding the different assumptions and beliefs about change that exists. He identifies eight organizational metaphors; machines, organisms, brains, cultures, political systems, psychic prisons and flux and transformation (Morgan, 1986).
Pierce et al (2002) states that the movement by an organisation to a future and preferred state from its current state is referred to as organisational change. According to Catalyst (2012), “Organisational change refers to strategies for change management and the means by which organisations can most effectively implement and sustain efforts to create inclusive workplaces.”
Miller, D and Friesen, P (1980) ‘Momentum and revolution in organisational adaptation’, Academy of Management Journal, 23/4: 591-614
Some critics argue that the above statement is not true because nowadays organization is easy to change. They build an organization with a flexible structure and system so they can easily change and beside they can also rewarded people to embrace change. However, the statement stated by Lawler, E.E and Worley, C.G is definitely true about organizational change because the way of changing organization require an examination of fit between the organization’s strategic intentions and its structure (Graetz et al. 2002 p.195). Management systems are design for achieving its goals and it is difficult when remaining goals but changing the management systems. Jay Galbraith (cited in Goodman, E. 2011, p.242), a world leader of organization and team development, also states: ‘Every organization is perfectly designed to get the results it is currently achieving’. Moreover human resources are the most im...