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humanistic theory of Karl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow's theory of personality
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow's theory of personality
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The humanistic psychology tends to aim at the latent possibility of individuals while emphasizing on the growing process and perceived personality. The underlying principle of humanistic psychology is that humans are naturally decent and mind and societal issues arise from unacceptable behavior that is sharply different from customary, traditional, or accepted standard. Also, it insinuates that people are inspired to employ this free will to engage in whatever that will make it easier for them to succeed in doing or gaining something with effort. Nevertheless, a person continues to explore strategies to develop, progress, acquire information or skills, and to encounter psychological growth and self-actualization. In this paper, it will discuss …show more content…
One of the similarities of the theories, they both believed for someone to arrive at a particular place in life that certain criteria must be met before they have the capacity to develop, succeed, or become something in life. Also, another similarity is that both theories view people as focusing on suitable things rather than the bad, stressing on their inner qualities and natural ability to grow (Didius, 2014). Nevertheless, the both beliefs have differing opinions in self-actualization. The Maslow theory indicates one event that is followed by another event and can be only achieved if the levels beneath meet its conditions. While Roger’s theory the person-centered relates to therapeutic approach of people and tends to focus on the individual itself. Roger’s theory allows the individual to reflect on themselves, therefore being in a position to develop and improve on their …show more content…
Furthermore, the Maslow pyramid divides these needs into five different groups in the pyramid. The pyramid shows the psychological needs according to the fundamental and complex necessities, which the lower level demonstrates that core needs and the top of the pyramid identify the complexity of requirements. The physiological needs comprise of taking in air, a source of nutrients, and water. However, these lower needs have to be met as a requirement to advance to the next level. Secondly, the need for safety is also an element, which involves security, providing a living quarters and job security. The third level, which includes love and belonging, it refers to being intimate and establishing relationships with friends and family. The fourth level, which describes the degree of esteem, and it, becomes critical of the individual to acquire a feeling or attitude of admiration and the gratitude of others. The self-actualization is the last level, and it is the peak of the pyramid where people have a balanced and honest view of their personality and can interact with others with confidence. Also, focus on growing and being curious about satisfying their goal in life. According to Maslow, these particular needs may differ for an individual based on their importance (Verywell,
Abraham Maslow arranged human needs into a hierarchy of five needs, starting with the most important needs which are physiological needs such as, hunger, thirst, and warmth. He then went all the way up to the least important which is self-actualization that is known as the fulfillment of unique potentials. His hierarchy of needs is depicted in a pyramidal form with the most important needs at the bottom as a base and the least important towards the top. According to Maslow, self-actualization is becoming what we believe we are capable of being he also believed that self -actualization is as important as physiological needs. Many people desire to reach self-actualization because
Have you ever thought about how people become motivated to do things? Maybe you even wonder what motivation really is. Motivation is the desire to do things. Motivation creates a drive that pushes a person close to their breaking point and beyond. It helps an individual reach goals that some couldn’t even imagine of doing. But have you ever truly thought about what motivates people. What really gives people that drive? What empowers people to reach their aspirations? If so you are not alone, a ton of people has thought about what it is the gives people such a drive. Including American psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow has created a psychological advanced thinking on what he think inspires people to do such gargantuan complex things. Maslow made a theory, which states that people fulfill needs in stages or levels in life. There are five stages that are divided into basic needs, such as safety, love, and esteem, and growth needs like self-actualization.
All humans have certain needs as show by Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Maslow theorized that there are five tiers of human needs that all humans are motivated to achieve and some needs take precedence over others. The first set of needs is the biological and physiological needs such as air, food, water, warmth, and shelter. Following, are the safety needs such as security. The third tier encompasses belongingness and love needs such as intimacy and friendship. The fourth tier: esteem needs includes feeling of accomplishment. Lastly, after all of these needs are met one may obtain self-actualization, or reaching ones full potential. Maslow's hierarchy of needs was later expanded to include a 5th, 6th, and 8th tier called transcendence needs. The 8th tier encompasses helping others to achieve self actualization. When it comes to how humans achieve these needs here are three types of people: the egoist,
The hierarchy of needs is frequently represented in the shape of a pyramid and is broken up into 5 separate stages with the main, most important levels of necessities at the bottom and the need for self-actualization
On April 1, 1908, Abraham Harold Maslow was born in Brooklyn, New York to two Jewish immigrants from Russia (Boeree, 2011). He was raised in Brooklyn, briefly studied law at the City College of New York, transferred to Cornell and then back to CCNY, and then graduated from the University of Wisconsin (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, n.d.). Interestingly enough, he married his first cousin, Bertha, against his parent's wishes (Boeree, 2011). Next, he began teaching at Brooklyn College, where he met people like Adler, Horney, Fromm, Gestalt, and many Freudian psychologists (Boeree, 2011). Finally, he transferred to Brandeis University where he served as the chair of the psychology department and began his campaign for humanistic psychology (Boeree, 2011). As his life progressed, he spent his retirement in California. On June 8, 1970, he died of a heart attack after many years of bad health (Boeree, 2011).
According with Maslow, all human being do have the same innate needs that active and drive their behaviors. These needs were organized from stronger to weaker in a pyramid known as hierarchy of needs, where the stronger need should be meet before people can have the need to accomplish the weaker one. Moreover, people can go back to the first need at any point of their life. The first two need are known as deficit needs or biological needs because without them people create a deficit in their body. The last three one are known as growth or psychological needs and are not essential for human survival.
Both Rogers and Maslow believed in a humanistic approach to therapy, but each had their own take on it (McLeod, 2007). Maslow was an optimist in a vocation that tended to focus on the negative aspects of human behavior. By extensively studying people who were happy and seemed to be fulfilling their potential, he was able to determine what he thought were key needs for every human being. He conceived the Hierarchy of Needs and believed that humans possess a limitless potential for
Abraham Maslow once stated in his theory "when the need of personality is broken, it creates personality disorder". He meant that, when we are in a situation where we completely lose hope and unable to accomplish certain needs to survive, it causes one 's to move up and down on the ladder of his theory. Maslow began his theory during his studies on monkeys. Being a behavior scientist, he knew that these monkeys had a similar reacting to certain situations that cause them to lack in certain needs they try to accomplish for their survival. But when they are motivated by something or someone else, it encourages them to fulfill the needs they 're lacking. Maslow 's theory consisted
The physiological level is at the bottom of the hierarchy, and the needs that need to be met in order to move onto the next level include food, water, air, sleep and sex. These needs are considered necessary for survival and reflect primary needs. The second level is the safety level. This level’s needs are home and shelter. Love and belongingness is the third level, which is where people have the need to love them, and they to love them in return. This level is closely related to the needs of relationships. Esteem is the next level in the hierarchy, and it is where a person is comfortable with who they are. The final level is self-actualization, which is where a person meets their fullest potential. The more demanding levels are towards the bottom of the hierarchy, while the more distinctly human levels that involve growth are towards the
These Humanistic theories have had a significant influence on psychology and the pop culture. Many psychologists now accept the idea that when it comes to personality, a person’s subjective experience has more weight than the objective reality. Humanistic psychologists’ today focus on healthy people, rather than troubled people, which has also been a particularly useful contribution. This theories regarding personality have been criticized and a general agreement in regards to some of the qualities involving personality is that almost all theorists can agree that personality should be defined as a unique and individual set of psychological characteristics that each human being possesses.
The credible version of hierarchy of needs of Maslow (1943, 1954), have five motivational levels that are arranged in a pyramid with depicted levels. The stages are divided in basic needs which include, psychological, love, safety, and esteem. These needs are also primary of deficiency needs. The other needs are growth needs which incorporate self-actualization needs. When basic needs are not met, they are said to motivate people. The strength of the desire of such needs depends with the time in which they are denied. For example, the more a person lacks food, the hungrier that person becomes. Basic needs must be satisfied before a person proceeds to satisfy other needs in the higher levels. When basic needs are satisfied reasonably, the person can now strive at achieving the self-actualization level, which is the highest level.
Roger’s made his theory less complicated and more achievable in my opinion. The idea that our real self and our ideal self-need to be in congruence to achieve self-actualization is more attainable to me than Maslow 's theory. Roger’s theory seems more individualized to the patient. What is congruent to one person is not the same as another. So each person has to achieve their self-actualization whereas Maslow’s theory seems to be more generalized in the
Abraham H. Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs model between 1943-54 in USA, and this theory remains valid even today for understanding human motivation, management training and personal development. (4) A. H. Maslow first introduced his idea of hierarchy of needs in his paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” and his succeeding book Motivation and Personality in 1943. He stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and they are intended to fulfil basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs and when one need is fulfilled they move on the next one, and so on. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs includes five motivational needs, often displayed as a hierarchical pyramid with five levels. This five level model can be divided into basic needs or deficiency needs and growth needs. The four lower levels are considered basic needs and the top level is considered growth needs. The five different level of hierarchy of needs are:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a theory in psychology that was first presented by Abraham Maslow in a paper entitled “A Theory of Human Motivation” in 1943. The theory includes five hierarchy levels of needs and is usually displayed as a pyramid. The bottom level is “Physiological”, the next level is “Safety”, the level above that is “Social”, the next level is “Esteem” and the highest level is “Self-actualization”. As told by McLeod (2007) an individual must fulfill lower level needs before advancing upwards towards the next level of needs. The bottom level, “Physiological” needs are basic physical requirements such as; food, water sleep and warmth, the next level up is “Security” and it refers to
This psychology perspective emphasizes individuals ' inherent drive towards self-actualization, the process of realizing and expressing one 's own capabilities and creativity. It helps the client gain the belief that all people are inherently good. It adopts a holistic approach to human existence and pays special attention to such phenomena as creativity, free will, and positive human potential. It encourages viewing ourselves as a "whole person" greater than the sum of our parts and encourages self exploration rather than the study of behavior in other people. Humanistic psychology acknowledges spiritual aspiration as an integral part of the human psyche. It is linked to the emerging field of transpersonal psychology. As per usual, there are advantages and limitations to this particular theory. One of the greatest strengths of humanistic psychology is that it emphasizes individual choice and responsibility. Humanistic psychology satisfies most people 's idea of what being human means because it values personal ideals and self-fulfillment. Finally, humanistic psychology provides researchers with a flexible framework for observing human behavior because it considers a person in the context of his environment and in conjunction with his personal perceptions and feelings. As with any viewpoint, humanistic psychology has its critics. One major criticism of humanistic psychology is that its concepts are too vague. Critics