While reading An Introduction to Theories of Human Development, by Neil Salkind, parts two and three many key points were discussed. Some of the more salient key terms that were discussed were dealing with the id, ego, and superego, and also Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosexual Development. These two terms stood out as important because they can be seen while working in the schools as a school psychologist. It is important for the school psychologist to understand about the id, ego, and superego, and Erikson’s Stages of Psychosexual Development so that he/she can better understand some of their students’ behaviors. In chapter five of An Introduction to Theories of Human Development, the topic about the id, ego, and superego was introduced. The information that needs to be understood with the id, ego, and superego is understanding these three components. First would be the id; this is described as the pleasure principle because it is satisfying the basic needs. The id is the …show more content…
When trying to figure out why one of your students as a school psychologist is involving in a specific behavior, you may think of the child’s ego. Especially when working in a preschool, the school psychologist might run into situations where a student’s wants are just not realistic, and the school psychologist must know that the child may not be aware of what’s reality and fantasy when the child is expressing their wants. It is also important for the school psychologist to understand the superego because they are going to come in contact with many students who have different backgrounds and believes. Students learn what believes are correct from their parents, so it is important when working with a child to know their culture background and how they are raised at
Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of development is made up of eight stages that span the lifetime. The stages correspond to a specific age and provide a blueprint for what to expect universally from someone in that stage in terms of social development. Erikson believed
This approach has become the stimulus for a number of similar theories which share the same assumptions on psychological development, yet differ in detail. (Gross, R, 2007) Erik Erikson, a neo-freudian himself accepted Freud’s theory but whereas the psychodynamic approach focuses on five main stages of development until adulthood, Erikson theorised that development is lifelong and continues throughout life until death. (Psychology for A Level 2000)
Erikson believes a person’s personality changes throughout their lifespan and primarily focuses on ego. Furthermore, ego is a person’s sense of self-importance or self- acceptance. This is a major factor when discussing personality because how we perceive ourselves, reflects onto others. Erikson’s eight stages of psychological development consist of infancy, early childhood, preschool, middle school, adolescence, young adulthood, middle age and old age. He indicates that during each stage of life a person experiences a psychological crisis, which could aid in a negative or positive result. During the infancy stage, the psychological crisis is trust vs. mistrust, meaning total dependence on the mother or father. If either or both parents show love and attention, then the child will develop trust, or otherwise mistrust if neglected. Early childhood, around the ages two to three years old a child becomes more mobile and shows signs of independence. The caregivers will either assist the child in all their needs or wait patiently as they figure them out on their own. Erikson distinguishes the importance of allowing children to face their own challenges with the tolerance of failure. This will provide the willingness to push through hard times and overcome adversity. Stage 3, initiative vs. guilt describes the interaction between other children and their ability to make decisions. A child will initiate activity with others continuously when he or she feels secure. Nevertheless, when children are told ‘no’ they react with feelings of guilt. The fourth stage of Erikson’s theory begins to explain inferiority. In this stage, a student will be introduced to teachers who become a major part of a child’s psychological development. With encouragement, children will feel confident in themselves, whereas negative reinforcement may cause self-doubt. Identity vs.
Erik Erikson wrote eight categories in his theory of Psychosocial development. He starts the levels of his theory at 1 years old and goes all the way to sixty-five plus years old. In a classroom setting his theory can be specifically applied to interaction. His theory can be broken down by age, crisis, virtue, and outcome. He explains at age 1 children are either going to develop trust or mistrust for people, namely their parents or whoever is raising them primarily at that particular time. Next, 2 years old, children will develop autonomy or in some cases doubtfulness. They are just beginning to gain a little independence at this age. Next, initiative vs. guilt, occurs in children ages 3 to 5. Children at this age are often into everything
Freud believed that a person’s personality is most influenced by the first three stages of psychosexual development: the oral, anal, and phallic. The development of a person in these three stages occurs between the first five years of his or her life. After he or she go through a latency stage before entering the final stage, also known as the genital stage, which occurs around puberty through adulthood. Erikson agrees with Freud on his theory of infantile sexuality, but disagrees that a person’s personality is only based on that aspect. All of Erikson’s stages are present at birth, in latent form, and gradually unravels according to their social surroundings. According to Manning (1988), “The Identity vs. Role Confusion is the most crucial stage of the developmental process. Adults and peers that the person surrounds themselves with ultimately determines whether or not...
Erik Erikson is possibly one of the best known of Sigmund Freud’s loyal followers. His psychosocial model can be explored, evaluated, and picked apart, in terms of its concepts and assumptions. Erikson has influenced the way psychologists view the importance of identity during adolescents, enhancing, and slightly altering the ideas originally laid out by Freud. Using Freud’s broader ideas and theories, Erickson was able to develop a more continuing developmental timeline of a person’s life. (Schultz and Schultz, 2012, p.164) Agreeing on ideas such as human instinct and basic development was how Erickson was able to feed off Freud’s thoughts in light on constructing his own. Erickson's eight stages of psychosocial development uniquely exhibit asp...
One would be hard pressed to find a study from the decades since the 1960’s on the
Psychosocial development is development on a social realm. Psychosocial development is how one develops their mind, maturity level, and emotions over the course of one’s life. The rate of development depends on different factors such as biological processes as well as environmental factors. A man named Erik Erikson who was a psychoanalyst who believed that early childhood successes and failures were responsible for influencing later developmental stages developed this theory. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is based around the theory that social experience has an impact over an entire lifespan. There are eight stages developmental stages of development in the psychosocial theory and I will briefly examine all eight stages in this
From a Freudian perspective, human development is based on psychosexual theory (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). Psychosexual theory indicates that maturation of the sex drives underlies stages of personality development (Shaffer et al., 2010). It was Freud’s perspective that there are three components of personality (the id, ego, and superego) that become integrated into his five stage theoretical model. The id was the biological or drive component that is innate from birth. The sole purpose of the Id is satiate an individual’s internal drives (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). The ego is the conscious portion of our personality that mediates between our id and superego. Throughout development the ego reflects the child’s emerging ability to...
...y towards others. Ego which is developed from the id, is used to satisfy the id is a way that is safe and socially acceptable. The ego operated in both the conscious and unconscious mind. Finally the superego is developed during early childhood and is responsible for making sure that moral standards are followed. The superego can make a person feel a certain level of guilt if rules are not follwed (www.simplypschology.org).
In examining the Freudian view of human development, the main characteristic of human development is one of a primitive and sexual nature. Freud defines the id as a unconscious part of the mind focused on the primitive self and is the source of the demands of basic needs. Freud explains that the mind of an infant consists only of the id, driving the basic needs for comfort, food, warmth, and love. In later stages of early development, as a child’s mind begins to grow, the ego is formed. The ego is defined as the connection between consciousness and reality that controls one’s thought and behavior. In late pre-school years a child begins to develop what is called a superego. At this stage values are internalized, and the complex connection between the id, ego, and supere...
Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory are two very renowned developmental concepts. Erikson was persuaded by Freud’s ideas but he elaborated on the theory differently.
Freud began with his study of the three forces of the psyche: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the unconscious and contains most things inherited and the all-encompassing instincts. The ego is the conscious and must control the ever-demanding id by serving as its link to the external world. The ego is a regulator and responds to a stimulus by adapting or fleeing, regulating, and seeking pleasure while avoiding displeasure. The superego is actually managed by the id. It carries the responsibility of the limitation of satisfactions and the representation of other persons’ influence, especially the influence of parents, teachers, and other role models. It also represents the impact of racial, cultural, and societal traditions.
This assignment’s main focus will be centred on Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which consists of eight stages however only the fifth stage ‘identity versus role confusion’ will be discussed. Aspects such as identity crises, exploration of autonomy whilst developing a sense of self, factors that may contribute to identity formation as well as the successful/unsuccessful resolution of this particular stage will be discussed thoroughly. Erikson’s theory was also expanded by James Marcia, who identified certain identity statuses. The discussion will then progress to the psychosocial development of a case study based on Anna Monroe in connection to the difficulties she faced, such as gender, sexuality, peer pressure,
The first feature, the id, feature of personality is the most common and everlasting element that exists since birth. It is completely unconsciousness and consists of natural and original behavior. As it is the main element of personality, id is considered the main source of psychic energy. According to Freud id is compelled by pleasure principle, which attempts for immediate satisfaction of desires and needs. It will result in a state of anxiety or strain if the needs are not satisfied immediately. Secondly, the ego is a component of personality in charge of dealing with reality. As stated by Freud, the ego progresses from Id and confirms the desires of the id, articulated in an acceptable manner in real life. The main function of ego is to handle conscious, preconscious and unconscious mind. It helps to satisfy needs of id in a socially suitable way. Besides, it supports to release tension with assistance of a process where an object found in reality is created by id’s p...