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Reseach on rabies
Scientific papers on rabies viral disease
Reseach on rabies
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Rabies Virus and Treatment
Rabies is a virus that is characterized under the family name Rhabdoviridae and genus name Lyssavirus which travels to either the brain or the spinal cord, where it attacks a victim's nervous system until death occurs as discovered by Pasteur. It is rabies unique bullet-shaped body and tubular extensions, along with its specialized proteins that contribute to its deadliness.
Aside from one case of rabies that occurred in 2004 in Wisconsin, rabies has proven fatal; there is no real treatment besides prevention. Vaccinations and precaution serve to be most effective pre-exposure, while post-exposure treatment can be a combination of respiratory and cardiac support, and intensive care.
As part of the Rhabdovirus, Rabies is similar to 75 other viruses, but only closely related to 5, which are believed to have originated in Africa. Each year, around 7,000 cases of rabies are recorded according to an article for parents on Kids health website, but because of vaccinations, only one or two die. All, including Rabies virus, have a bullet shaped body accompanied by “bizarre elongated filaments V or Y shaped”(Kaplan, et al. 2). Once the rabid viruses infect the blood stream, they begin their migration to the brain where the virus begins to multiply effectively and abundantly in cerebral matter, producing defective interfering particles, as described in the book Rabies by Kaplan, Turner, and Warrell.
Like many other viruses, rabies has an excellent way of transmitting itself, allowing it to be efficient-saliva. While it is true that simple UV rays found in the sun can kill the virus in a dead body laying around, as well as acidity and soaps, because organic matter like soaps are able to dissolve the virus’ out...
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...y day, doctors look for new and more effective methods of treatment, looking for solutions in vaccinations and in the infamous G protein, but again, prevention is key.
Works Cited
Center for Disease Control. (2003). Rabies: The Virus. Retrieved July 19, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/the_virus/virus.htm.
Center for Disease Control. (2004). Rabies Prevention and Control: General Questions. Retrieved July18, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/ques&ans/q&a_transplants_general.htm
Faqs. (2005). Rabies. Retrieved July 19, 2006, from http://www.faqs.org/health/Sick-V4/Rabies.html
Kids Health. (1995-2006). Infection: Rabies. Retrieved July 24, 2006, from http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/rabies.html
Kaplan, Colin, et al. Rabies. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986
Rabies. San Diego: Academic Press, 2002
Almost 2,000 died the night of the 1928 storm in Florida. Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston realistically depicts the Okeechobee hurricane that struck the coast of South Florida. The incredulous, category four storm produced winds as high as 150 mph and flood waters of up to eight feet. Hurston describes their heart wrenching experience throughout the end of the novel when Janie, the protagonist of the story, survives the devastating hurricane with her husband, Tea Cake. The book shows similarities between the overflow of Lake Okeechobee and the specific weather conditions of the hurricane, but differs regarding the aftermath of the storm.
Based off of these findings, much advancement in medicine has been created to improve life. The most common today is the cure for certain viruses. By simply taking a shot containing a vaccine, that took extensive research and self-intuition, one can dramatically reduce their chance of the virus affecting them later on.
Each day researchers are finding out about vaccines and are realizing that there are a lot more risks than benefits. Dr Phillip F. Incao explains: “Today, far more children suffer from allergies and other chronic immune system disorders than from life-threatening infectious disease. It is neither reasonable nor prudent to persist in presuming that the benefits of any vaccination outweigh its risk” (qtd in Spaker). While infectious diseases are becoming uncommon there is no need for any person to get vaccinated. There have been many issues surrounding vaccinations all around the world.
There is no vaccine to protect against it and, in the most severe cases, no cure. The population of Phoenix has grown by ten per cent in the past deca...
Polio is a viral disease. It cripples thousands of people and infects even more every year. Even though millions are inoculated, and the polio disease has been successfully purged from hundreds of countries still thousands of people and developing countries are infected and still people are dying. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) polio affects the Central Nervous System, or CNS; by infesting the intestines and transmitting it into the nerves thought the blood vessels. There the virus spreads through the nerve cells to the brain stem or other motor units, while forever damaging the nerves.
They may believe that this is in everyone’s best interest to choose whether or not to get their pet revaccinated. However, there are always limitations or exceptions to this argument. There have been cases where a veterinarian has told them that they do not need to have the animal revaccinated and unfortunately, fate gets to the animal first. The animal has come into contact with the rabies disease and now the owner is in a bad situation and of course, immediately blames the vet for the situation that they are currently experiencing. The said owner of this personal narrative did end up suing the vet and the vet did get in trouble for her ‘wrongful misquoting.’ Because of stories like this that have happened before, some vets are very cautious when they tell people their opinions. A veterinarian is still a human being and mistakes will be made. Mistakes are not preventable and their education and knowledge was not always enough to go against the game of life. As a partial solution to this problem, veterinarians have resulted to keeping their opinions to themselves and following what they were taught in school all of those years ago. In graduate school, the veterinarian students are taught to follow the vaccination schedule and follow it right on the dot when it comes to the dates as well as the time of year! Some people are more fond of this method so that they are not taking any unnecessary risks; while
Rabies is the oldest infectious disease that is spread between species. Historical evidence of rabies dates from about 2300 BC. The first written record of rabies is in the Eshnunna code (ca.1930 BC), which states that owners of rabid dogs with symptoms of rabies should take preventative measures to keep their dog away from others. If a person were to be bitten and later become ill or die, the owner would be fined heavily. During this time and for many centuries to follow, it was commonplace to kill any animal or human who showed symptoms of the disease. Today rabies incidents involving dogs in the United States are rare, but there are increasing numbers of outbreaks among the wild animal population, notably in the southern states.
As the late 19th century progressed, technological ideas and inventions began to thrive. The notion that technology would impact life as we know it was an unbelievable idea to comprehend. People had no idea that something so simple such as the light bulb would become so vital to them and for century’s to come. Inventions such as, the typewriter, barbed wire, telephone, Kodak camera, and electric stove were created, however the major inventions created and use tremendously today are, Medicine, Electricity, and Transportation.
...Although these were initially set to prevent infectious diseases it has been found that there is also prevention of autoimmune diseases, birth control and also cancer therapy. While vaccines provide a proficient means of preventing diseases and improving public health it doesn’t mean all are essential to a healthy life, some do more damage if a sufficient immune system is not present. How the vaccine is formulated and distributed is important to study and follow up on to be certain it is in the best interest of your body to receive the vaccine. Vaccinations will remain present, but it is our choice as individuals to know what they are composed of and how they are administered. Immunizations should be valued and taken seriously, this advancement in technology came at a high speed, which means flaws, and errors will exist, whether we notice them now or in the future.
Rabies is a deadly virus that occurs in the brain. It can affect all mammals but the ones that are most commonly found with the virus are dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes. This means that any non-mammal can not contract the virus, such as fish, birds, and reptiles (2). The virus can be contracted by humans with saliva transfer with broken skin contact from an animal which has the disease. As this is the most common form of transferring the disease it is very believable that Tea Cake contracts the virus from the wild dog that “managed to bite [him] high up on his cheek bone once” (1). The rabies virus works by being a bullet shaped virus that directly attacks th...
Vaccinations have significantly reduced the disease rate throughout the world. Usually, vaccines prove to be between 90 and 99 percent effective. This reduces disease and mortality rate by thousands every year (Jolley and Douglas 1). On average, vaccines save the lives of 33,000 innocent children every year (“Vaccines” 1). In addition, if a vaccinated child did contract the vaccine’s targeted illness, that child would, in general, have more mild symptoms than an unvaccinated child that contracts the same illness. These vaccinated children will have less serious complications if they do contract the disease; they will be much more treatable, and have a lower risk of death (Jolley and Douglas 2). The risks of not vaccinating greatly outweigh the small risks of vaccination. Diseases like measles and mumps can cause permanent disability. While there i...
Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhea in young infants. This virus was discovered in 1973. It is a non enveloped, double stranded RNA virus in Class III of the Baltimore Classification system. It is part of the virus family Reoviridae. There are five different species of this virus known as A, B, C, D, and E. Rotavirus A is the most common species of the virus causing more than 90% of infections in humans. It causes severe gastroenteritis and is a major cause of disease and death in children. Rotavirus attacks enterocytes in the small intestine causing the villous in the small intestine to shorten and fuse. Immunity of the virus develops with each infection. The virus is icosahedral with a triple capsid structure. The virus can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route. It has been identified in the stool of young children. Contact with contaminated hands, surfaces and objects can lead to the transmission of this virus.
When children are born and for the first two years of their lives, they receive multiple shots and drops of vaccines. These vaccines protect them from getting diseases that were deadly and common in children many decades ago. Vaccine is one of the greatest achievement in medicine history. There were thousands of lives lost in the battle with some of the terrifying diseases like smallpox and polio. Now, after years of vaccine invention, vaccination spread in many countries which helped in eradicate several illnesses. In the United States, each family is required to show their children's immunization chart in order to get accepted in many educational institutes. Parents usually face the decision whether to vaccinate their children or not when their children are first born. Knowing how vaccines are made and their mechanism to prevent diseases as well as, the process they go through to be approved for public use, can help parents in making the choice for vaccinating their children.
Human technology is constantly evolving, and with it society and medicine must follow suit. Every year, new breakthroughs in the field of medicine award mankind with a few more years of immortality. Scientists are constantly working to solve problems that once posed the threat of imminent death. Over two hundred years ago, the vaccine for Smallpox—one of the world’s deadliest killers—was discovered in 1796 (“CDC”). Since then, humans have been steadily eradicating every threat to individual health. Only last month, December of 2011, researchers from the University of Western Ontario revealed a new HIV vaccine that has been approved for human te...