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how colonization shaped algeria
Algerian civil war, 1992-2002
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IntroductioThe Algerian War of Independence in 1962 marked the end of France’s colonial regime. Before decolonization, Algeria had been held as the prize of the French empire, “one of the most beautiful provinces of France.” While it is somewhat inaccurate to pose Algeria and France as separate states throughout the process of colonization and decolonization, for consistency and clarity, Algeria and France will be referred to as separate entities, although for much of the studied time period, Algeria was a part of France. Algeria and France enjoyed a special relationship, beyond that which France had with its other colonies. This allowed freer migration between Algeria and France, and France fought harder to keep Algeria as a colony than it did with any of its other colonies. It established two separate welfare programs, one track for immigrants from countries other than Algeria and one for Algerians. Throughout this process, Algerians and other Maghrebi immigrants were integral to the French industrial force even as immigration policy changed around them. This paper seeks to unpack the French welfare state and humanitarian aid through the lens of housing for Algerian immigrants between the end of World War II and the mid 1970s. Ultimately, I argue that the welfare state in France is founded on flawed perceptions of “the other” and that humanitarian aid as it stands in France only works to perpetuate inequalities.
The first recorded evidence of Algerian immigrants in France dates from 1871, just at the beginning of the second industrial revolution. It was not until just before World War I, though, that any significant migration to France took place. At this time, no migration from Algeria to France was permanent migration, a...
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...n France.” MERIP Reports No. 34, 1-12.
French Court of Auditors. “De la SONACOTRA à Adoma : des dérives corrigées tardivement” in Rapport public annuel 2013 – février 2013. (See attachment)
“France: Soundtrack to a Riot” http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2006/03/france_soundtralinks.html, Accessed 27 April, 2014.
Lyons, Amelia. The Civilizing Mission in the Metropole: Algerian Families and the French Welfare State during Decolonization. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013.
Mehta, Brinda. “Negotiating Arab-Muslim Identity, Contested Citizenship, and Gender Ideologies in the Parisian Housing Projects: Faïza Guène’s Kiffe Kiffe Demain.” Research in African Literatures, Vol. 41, No. 2, 173-202.
Ticktin, Miriam. “Where Ethics and Politics Meet: The Violence of Humanitarianism in France.” American Ethnologist, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb, 2006), 33-49.
Weber, Eugen. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1976. Print.
From the time that people began living in groups, people have migrated to suit their personal needs. For some, it was to escape difficult times or hardships faced by their ethnic group. Such is the case of the Irish who migrated to Quebec from 1815 to the Potato Famine of 1847. What causes and factors drove these people to cross an ocean and leave their homeland for the unknown prospects of Quebec? To examine and fully answer this question, one must look at the social, economic and religious conditions in Ireland at the time, as well as what drew the Irish to Quebec rather than somewhere else.
The film was created with the help of the Front de Libération Nationale, the nationalist group behind the Algerian revolution, and tells the story of independence from the non-French Algerian viewpoint. Scenes in the film use the capital of Algiers as a backdrop for the drastic fighting and bombings of the war. The contrast of settings used in scenes portrays the nice and well kept portions of the city and the inner chaos and poor living conditions of the areas in which the non-French Algerians had been restricted to. The scenes exemplify Manichaeism with the clear separation of the two areas and the quality of living of the people residing in each
Alistair Horne; A Savage War Of Peace, Algeria 1954 – 1962, Macmillan London Limited, London.
Guadeloupe, unlike a various other territories under the French colonial empire, opted for total amalgamation into the the Republic of France (1946) so as to secure their social and economic development as well as population growth. This decision, at the time, appeared cryptic given the crimes acted on during the slave era. It was made even more so confusing in that certain French West Indian elites, most being direct participants in Négritude (a literary and ideological movement led by francophone black intellectuals, writers, and politicians), actively participated in the opt-in by presenting the proposal of complete legal and political assimilation to the French Parliament in 1946. One of the main drives for assimilation and integration was connected fundamentally to the the dynamics of Guadeloupean society, and it cannot be made sense of unless there is some comprehension a...
Young, Arthur. "The Condition of the French People." The Library of Original Sources, Vol 7. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: University Research Extension Co., 1907. World Book Advanced. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
To summarize the book into a few paragraphs doesn't due it the justice it deserves. The beginning details of the French and Ind...
Society has engraved in our nation's mind that social welfare is pointless and something to be ashamed of. Through the media society has put a certain image of what welfare is. Most people believe those who benefit from welfare are mainly people of color and thanks to the media most people also believe that people of color are violent and frequently committing crimes. However, research has proven that the majority of traditional welfare recipients are non hispanic white citizens. The image one has been taught about welfare is that welfare is free money for people who are too lazy to work. However, welfare is much more than free money for the poor, welfare is any institution supported by the government. Some institutions that can be considered welfare are public education(K-12), CSU’s, medicare, medical, veteran benefits, public housing, food stamps, free or reduced lunch, public transportation, and the most popular cash aid. (Popple Leighninger). Almost everyone is benefiting from welfare. Welfare is not what society has portrayed it to be, in fact welfare was alleviate symptoms of poverty.
"'Without the Consolation of Tears': Richard Wright, France, and the Ambivalence of Community." Gilroy, P. (ed.) The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Mass., Harvard Univ. Press, 1993: 146-186.
Having given a concise idea about the French colonial ideology, we will examine the French colonial ideology from another perspective which is identity. Ideology here is similar to discourse in terms of conception as it was discussed by Stuart Hall, a Jamaican-British cultural theorist and sociologist, who he compared ideology to discourse; “A discourse is similar to what sociologists call an "ideology", it is a set of statements or beliefs which produce knowledge that serves the interests of a particular group or class.” in the other hand, Hall deals with identity as a very complex issue, which intervened by other aspects. So when we deal with the colonized identities we automatically evoke the European (colonizer).
The French welfare system is complex and covers a wide variety of topics, from minimum wage to taxation systems to family benefits. The United States’ welfare system is not any less complex, and has similarities to Frances, but also has key differences. France has the idea that their system is more democratic than the United States’, but it can be difficult to determine with so many different parts to the system. There are also things that each county could learn from the other that would improve the status of their social welfare sytem.
Reflections of Fieldwork of Morocco was an enlightening account of an American anthropologist experiences in late 1960s Morocco. While not directly related to the Jewish population and their practices in the country, the book it provided essential background information to better understand the basics as well as the subtleties of Moroccan culture. Understanding the majority culture will definitely be helpful in understand how Moroccan Jews fit into the overall Moroccan experience. Rabinow’s exploration of the north African nation exposed several interesting aspects of Moroccan life, like the legacy of French colonialism, the dual purpose of separation, and dominance and submission in Moroccan interactions.
With one of the three pillars of colonial rule gone, the destruction of the French rule of the physical space and political economy of Algeria soon follows. In the case of the boy openly denouncing French propaganda and currying favor for the FLN, Pontecorvo depicts the break from the mentality that the Algerians must live under the Frenchmen, rather than as human equals. The second scene with the woman refusing rations provided by French soldiers emphasizes not only the idea that the Algerians are ready to break the mental shackles that bind and marginalize them, but also be seen as independent, without the care and protection of false French generosity. This marks a pivotal point in the process of revolution, as Fanon describes it, “For he knows that he is not an animal ; and it is precisely at the moment he realizes his humanity that he begins to sharpen the weapons with which he will secure its victory” (Fanon 43). In other words, once the psychological chains that burden the colonized into believing that they are subhuman and must serve under their colonizer break, they begin to see their own humanity and begin the process to fight for its rights. Ultimately, The Battle of Algiers effectively depicts the transition of the psychological state of the Algerian people from believing that they are incapable of self-rule to wanting to fight for their
Sometimes reading fiction not only makes us pleasure but also brings many knowledge about history and philosophy of life. ‘The Guest’ by the French writer Albert Camus is a short story and reflects the political situation in French North Africa in 1950s. According to this story, we know the issues between the France and the Arab in Algeria, and the protagonist, Daru, refuses to take sides in the colonial conflict in Algeria. This is not a boring story, because Camus uses a suspenseful way to show the character, conflicts and symbol and irony.
The Welfare State is a system set up in Britain that takes care of its