Missing Figures
The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain the properties of ferrofluids. Imagine the applications of a liquid substance that can be controlled at a distance by a magnetic force. To create such a liquid is not as simple as liquefying a magnetic solid. Magnetic solids lose their magnetic properties at the temperature above the Curie temperature of the substance. At that temperature thermal energy overwhelms the tendency of the electrons to align in regions of similar spins. The Curie temperature is well below the melting point of all normal magnetic solids. (Verschuur, 1993) Ferrofluids overcome this obstacle. They are colloidal suspension of magnetic nanoscale magnetic material in a liquid carrier. This gives the Ferrofluid the properties of normal liquids, but allows the entire liquid to be manipulated to an applied magnetic field. (Berger, 1999)
In the 1960?s Stephen Pappell with NASA developed ferrofluids to address the problem of controlling fluids in the zero gravity environment of space. (Verschuur, 1993) Ferrofluids were originally used by the space program to create leak proof seals in satellites. The commercial applications were later recognized. A ferrofluid can behave as a liquid O-ring where a rotating shaft enters either a low- or high-pressure chamber. The ferrofluid is held in place by permanent magnets and form tight seals, eliminating most of the friction produced in a conventional mechanical seal. Rotating shaft seals are found in rotating anode X-ray generators and in vacuum chambers used in the semiconductor industry. Ferrofluid seals are also used in high-speed computer disk drives to eliminate harmful dust particles or other impurities that can cause the sensitive data-reading ...
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Magnetic_fluids/pdf/ChemicalEducationArticle.pdf+surfactant+aqueous+ferrofluid&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us&client=firefox-a
Enzel, P., Adelman, N., Beckman, K. J., Campbell, D. J., Ellis, A.B., Lisensky, G. C., (1999)
"Preparation of an Aqueous-Based Ferrofluid." J. Chem. Educ. Vol. 76, 943. Retrieved May 7, 2008, from http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/background/ferrofluid/index.html
Ferrotec (2008), Ferrofluid, Retrieved May 9, 2008, from http://www.ferrotec.com/products/ferrofluid/
Nave, R. (2000). Surface Tension. HyperPhysics. Retrieved May 7, 2008, from HyperPhysics database.
Verschuur, G (1993). Hidden Attraction: The Mystery and History of Magnetism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Willis B, (2001), Brownian Motion, Retrieved May 7, 2008, from http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/brownian/motion.html
Furthermore, AMR should be recognized as the combined solid -fluid system, whereby, in essence, a temperature gradient is established throughout the AMR and a fluid is used to transfer heat from the cold end to the hot. This subtle but important idea produced a new magnetic cycle distinct from Carnot, Ericsson, Brayton, or Stirling [6].
James J. Lindsay, Jerome Johnson, E.G. "Buck" Shuler Jr., Joseph J. Went. The Washington Post. 15 April 2009. Article. 17 March 2014.
Norton, M. B, Katzman, D. M, Escort, P. D, Chudacoff, H. P, Paterson, T. G, & Jr. Tuttle, W.M.
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Rizzo, A. S., Difede, J., Rothbaum, B. O., Reger, G., Spitalnick, J., Cukor, J., & McLay, R.
McDonald, W. I., Compston, A., Edan, G., Goodkin, D., Hartung, H. P., Lublin, F. D., I
Magnetism is very useful in our daily life. A magnetic field is a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. In addition, magnetic field is a region which a magnetic material experiences a force as the result of the presence of a magnet or a current carrying conductor. Current carrying conductors also known as wire. As we know there have north pole and south pole of a magnet. If same pole of magnet approaches each other, there will repel each other. In contrast, if different pole of magnet approaches each other, they will attract. These are same with the electric charge, if same charge it will repel, different charge it will attract. Although magnets and magnetism were known much earlier, the study of magnetic fields began in 1269 when French scholar Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt mapped out the magnetic field on the surface of a spherical magnet using iron needles [search from Wikipedia]. Noting that the resulting field lines crossed at two points he named those points 'poles' in analogy to Earth's poles. Each magnet has its own magnetic field which experiences a force as the result of the presence of a magnet and magnetic field has made up of magnetic field lines. The properties of magnetic field lines is it begin at the north pole and end at the south pole. The north pole always flow out while south pole always flow in. The closer the magnetic field lines, the strength of magnetic field increases. Furthermore, these line cannot cross each other. Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. Ferromagnetic materials...
Ornstein, R., Rosen, D., Mammel, K., Callahan, S., Forman, S., Jay, M., Fisher, M., Rome, E., &
Stuart, G. L., Moore, T. M., Elkins, S. R., O’Farrell, T. J., Temple, J. R., Ramsey, S. E.,
Some materials have a feature known as ferromagnetism. The prefix "ferro" refers to Iron, which is one such material. Ferromagnetic materials have the ability to "remember" the magnetic fields they have been subjected to.
Ellis, B.J., Bates, J.E., Dodge, K.A., Fergusson, D.M, Horwood, L.J., Pettit, G.S., & Woodard, L.
The topic of magnetic disks is one that involves many physics related phenomenon. The intricate structure and design of “Magnetic Disks” (or hard disks) in computers include the principles of Fluid Flow, Rotational Motion, Electromagnetism, and more. This paper will focus mainly on the previously listed physics occurrences, and the design that goes into engineering the magnetic disk to include them. These physics principles are utilized in such a way that makes the hard disk a very common and useful tool, in this day and age. To most people, the magnetic disk is the most important, yet most mysterious, part of a computer system. A hard disk is a seal unit that holds computer data in the form of magnetic patterns.
Magnetism was not studied or utilized before 1821 as it is today. A few hundred years ago people understood how magnets worked, but didn’t have many applications of the magnet because they were limited by the technology of their time. The applications of magnets today have opened a new door as to how we can harness the power of a magnet. I had a basic working knowledge of how magnets worked, such as polarity, but with researching different aspects of the magnet I have learned that we need to advance the potential capabilities of the magnet and fully understand how we can harness the magnet. In my research I looked at how a magnet works, the physics behind a magnet, the magnetic fields of Earth, why can’t magnets be used as energy, and magnets for pain relief benefits.
Dr. H.L. Bansal points out that the body contains approximately 4-5 grams of iron; in the blood, in a part called hemoglobin, and in muscles, in a part called myoglobin. Using a magnet increases the movement of hemoglobin, which also accelerates blood flow. While the blood flow increases, deposits alongside blood vessels are decreased and eventually vanish. Making these deposits vanish causes blood to flow smoothly also decrease your risk for high blood pressure (http://home.