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Disadvantages of hosting the Olympic Games
History of the olympics
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Recommended: Disadvantages of hosting the Olympic Games
The United States Olympic Committee (USOC), initially named the American Olympic Association, was formed in 1896. Members of the committee sought to provide assistance to United States Olympic athletes with training and other needs. As the USOC is not government funded the committee has relied heavily on corporate funding and private donations (“Team USA,” 2011). However, over the years while the continued appeal of the Olympic Games remained, the increased cost of housing, clothing, and caring for U.S. athletes along with other professional sports vying for corporate sponsorship, made obtaining funding difficult. Thus, the USOC was challenged with persuading corporate benefactors that investing in the Olympic Games was a lucrative and cost effective venture (O’Rourke, 2010). Therefore, the methods used by the USOC to persuade companies to invest as well as motivating factors underlying corporate sponsorship are explored.
Case Analysis
Persuasion Message
The ability to communicate effectively is essential in business (O’Rourke, 2010). In order to provide information, convey a message, and explain an idea, communication tools must be applied daily (N, 2005). The most important communication tool is the persuasive (N, 2005). This is due to the fact that whatever is being conveyed at the workplace requires a degree of persuasion (N, 2005). Hence, persuasion is the ability to move an individual or group into action. Boyer and Stoddard (2011), describe persuasion as “the act of getting a sentient being other than yourself to adopt a particular belief or pursue a particular action (p. 1). Therefore, in order for persuasion to be effective a level of trust between the parties must exist (O’Rourke, 2010). Thus, the challen...
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... their association with the Olympic movement and develop interventions including updated marketing and promotional strategies to correct the problem.
Moreover, an exclusivity right for some corporate sponsors has caused corporations without this type of contract to feel second rate which creates the possibility for ambush marketing to surface (Palomba, 2010). Ambush marketing is a company’s attempt to associate itself directly or indirectly with an event, team, or celebrity without being granted proper permission or pay the necessary licensing fees. As a result, official sponsors may not receive the full benefit or commercial value of paying to be legitimate sponsors (Palomba, 2010). Therefore, the USOC needs to protect legitimate sponsors by enacting or enforcing protective legislation to curtail or eradicate ambush marketing tactics (Palomba, 2010).
Own The Podium (OTP) is a NFPO whose mission is to offer support to Canadian national sport organizations with goal of achieving improved podium performances at the Olympic and Paralympic games. After failing to win gold medals in the first two Olympic Games held in Canada, the Canadian Olympic Committee created OTP with the vision to make Canada the world leader in high performance sports at the Olympics. OTP’s mandate includes “prioritizing investment strategies by making funding recommendations using evidence based, expert driven, targeted and collaborative approach. (CITE FS)” Most of the funds from OTP come from the Government of Canada (91%) and the remaining from the Canadian Olympic Committee (8%). The funds are used to achieve three main operational objectives of Podium Excellence, System Excellence and Sport Science and Research Excellence.
Kerbel, Matthew R. (1993). An Empirical Test of the Role of Persuasion in the Exercise of
Companies want to market with the IOC because of its wide viewership, and reputation as being morally adept, but in doing so have simultaneously tainted the vison of the IOC by making the organization seem hypocritical. Looking into some of the past scandals that have faced the IOC, errors in their decision making can be seen, and the committee as a whole must to do a better job of vetting sponsors and holding them accountable when their company’s values don’t align with those of the IOC.
...hip is and can be successful we are not providing unequivocal evidence of that. There is not sufficient evidence to support the parallel adoption of sponsorship and organisational success, as there is little understanding of the key factors that can make sponsorship the successful communications tool it probably is. Therefore the purpose of this dissertation is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of sport sponsorship as this research will provide a critical analysis of sponsorship used by elite sports sponsors to determine whether consumer perception correlates to support sponsorship fit in order to evaluate the success of sponsorship activities accrued from elite sports events; by empirically assessing consumers awareness of existing sponsorship strategies, their subjectivism and whether a fit exists and correlates to the consumers purchasing behaviour.
Billions of dollars and hours are spent, every four years, preparing for the Olympics. In the mid 1990’s, the schedule was modified to have alternating summer and winter games on a biyearly cycle. Countries fight for the honor of hosting these worldwide games. At first glance, it may seem exciting and glamorous to be chosen to host the games. The Olympics can offer the opportunity for the world to see the host city and surrounding area at its best, potentially generating future tourism and fame. A short term economic boom may result due to the creation of jobs, added tourist revenue, and other growth. Hosting the Olympics generates excitement and enthusiasm in cities and countries that may need a boost. However, when one takes a look further
The days when a British entrant in the high jump cycled at his own expense to Berlin to participate are long gone. In fact, the modern nationalistic approach to the games dates from those very Berlin Olympics in 1936, when Hitler and Goebbels realised what an excellent proselytising opportunity they could be. Those propaganda pioneers are, thankfully, long gone, but others who should know better have snatched the baton from them. So teams are increasingly state-financed and state-controlled with an eye to national prestige, not always in ways beneficial to the health of sport at large. At best, the decisive factor is monetary assistance (and Britain’s recent success owes much to subventions from the lottery fund), at worst it’s medical assistance. In respect of the latter, the Russian example is so well-known as to be hardly worth mentioning, though one suspects it may only be the most egregious among
Athletes are offered endorsements to act as a representative for a company to help promote sales. They often are seen in commercials promoting athletic apparel, shoes, sports drinks, food, and other products. Marketing companies know that by associating a product with an athlete it can drastically increase sales.
themselves with sports properties by means of at least one of the four types of sponsorship beforehand depicted (tra-ditional sponsorships, setting naming rights, support ments, and permitting assentions). The idea of this sponsorship-based relationship mirrors a more elevated amount of coordination of games inside the games promoting envi-ronment. A typical methodology includes a support who utilizes a relationship with games to advertise nonsports items; this mix accentuates
Since the resurrection of the Olympic games in 1896, the games have slowly become compromised by politics and propaganda. The purity of the athleticism has been tarnished with scandal, corruption, commercialism, boycotts, political disputes, reputation promotion, as well as acts of terrorism. Mega sporting events such as the Olympics have the strange ability to not only momentarily unite national communities, but, conversely, mirror real world rivalries and conflicts (Grix).
There are many various factors that have shaped the modern Olympic movement from 1892 to 2002. The original goal was to create an international community through sports competition. Much like the Ancient games between Greek city-states, the games were made to promote unity. However, as time passed many worldwide events such as the Cold War and women suffrage altered the goals of the Olympics. Political views and movements began to shape the Olympics. In addition, economic gains and pursuits became an important aspect of the Olympics. The participation of nations during the 20th century involved nationalism as well as social, political, and economic reasons for joining and participating in the Olympics.
In the most advantageous of cases this model suggests that a receiver “considers the content of the persuasive message carefully and has favorable thoughts about the content” (Enfante, Rancer & Avtgis, 2010, p. 172). When receivers engage in cognitive thinking, they participate in the type of persuasion the authors call the “central route” (Enfante, Rancer & Avtgis, 2010, p. 172). Under the central route, the receiver employs positive feelings towards whatever the source is saying and then in turn acts or forms attitudes based off of the positive thoughts. Thus they interact thoughtfully with the information the source is attempting to get across.
Abstract: The Special Olympics not only give special athletes athletic skills, they offer more opportunity, encouragement, and dexterity to survive in society than the public school system alone. To understand the differences and similarities between handicapped athletes and their non-handicap peers is the first step in creating a program that best meets the child's needs. There were no community programs that catered to the mentally and physically challenged, so Eunice Kennedy-Shriver created "special games" in her back yard for her handicapped child. Shriver established the Special Olympics in 1968. Today there are more than one million special athletes competing in 140 countries. There are some problems with relying on the public school system to seek a child's full potential in the special education programs. The Special Olympics, however, have found an effective method of preparing children, teens, and adults for society through sport. The diverse selection of sports, their rules, and physical demands, is an advantage when there is a huge range of disabilities. There is a program offered for almost everyone. People who benefit from these games range from the athletes themselves, the officials, coaches, caregivers, parents, to the spectators and on-site first aid staff. Mrs. Kennedy-Shriver said this in regard to special athletes, "through sports, they can realize their potential for growth." Over and over this fantastic organization has demonstrated integrity, good sportsmanship, and goal oriented programs that work!
Sponsorship is a required element in a huge sporting event, such as the Olympics, as a large amount of funds is needed in order to prepare for the venues, materials and events, as well as to broadcast the Games on media. At the same time, the sponsoring companies can take the opportunities of being the supporters of an event to advertise their products and promote the positive values that represent their corporate social responsibility to the society. However, in a particular grand and well-known event like the Olympics, there can be questions raised about the relevance between some corporate sponsors and the values in sports. Dr. Susan Rose, a professor of marketing at Henley Business School, doubts McDonald’s, Cadbury, and Coca-Cola as being sponsors for the Olympics, as these brands own products that can be associated to obesity and tooth decay – the opposite of the values of health and sports (as cited in Smedley, 2012). Moreover, in order to directly promote their products, many companies choose to sponsor famous athletes whose characteristics and values best signify the features of the products; to successfully do so, mostly only well-known and charismatic athletes are selected. On the other hand, finance becomes an issue for less well-known athletes. Jordan Malone, an Olympic medalist in speed skating, reports that most athletes do not have full-time jobs due to huge devotion to training, and thus, have to rely on the fame that is gained through sport events, especially an event as renowned as the Olympics (as cited in Vasel, 2014). As a result, the athletes that are not signed for any brand contracts can have a difficult time trying to earn enough income. Furthermore, even for the all-star athletes: despite having contracts with the companies, those contracts can be canceled once the athletes have their reputation damaged, as
Every two years the Olympic Games take place on the world’s stage. People are mesmerized as they cheer on their home team. Whether it be the summer or winter games, for two weeks, biannually, people are inundated with the games. But, many may fail to realize the competition and game behind the Games. This is the never ceasing game of the bidding process and subsequent creation and construction of new Olympic venues as newly selected host cities prepare for their opportunity to host the Olympics. But this little known game has only a few select winners, and their prize is not a medal, rather it is huge financial gains. The losers are many, and they are the most vulnerable inhabitants of the city, the poor; they are not simply losing out on a medal, they are losing their homes.
Every four years, there will be an international sports event held. Under this topic, we are not talking about the FIFA World Cup, which hold in the next month, but the Olympics Games. Most of the Olympics Games can hold successfully, the credit of an international organization is indispensable. This international organization is International Olympic Committee (IOC).