When a rocket's fuel ignites, the molecules in the fuel release a tremendous amount of energy in the forms of heat, light, and sound. They expand rapidly as they move from the "throat" of the nozzle into the "bell." The compressed air inside the balloon wants to expand outward. Therefore it presses against the walls of the balloon in every direction except the place where there is no wall - the "nozzle" of the balloon. Because there is no force vector in this location, adding the vectors yields a net force to the right.
A bell nozzle, where a fuel (liquid Hydrogen) mixes with an oxidizer (liquid Oxygen) at a rate "m." As they ignite they are forced into the throat, where they are compressed substantially. As they move out into the bell, they steadily expand, pushing against the nozzle and creating a net upward thrust, similar to the compressed air pushing on the walls of the balloon. Luckily, a rocket can be controlled more than a released balloon.
Nozzles do not have to be bell shaped - as long as gas is expanding and pushing against a surface, creating thrust, any shape can be used! One alternative to the bell engine is the spike configuration. In particular, the Aerospike engine will be described and analyzed.
The "Spike," or annular, engine is one of three basic engine designs: cones, bells, and annulars.The Cone is the simplest engine design. A cone with a narrow angle provides the greatest thrust, but a longer engine means increased weight. A short, wide-angle cone tends to be unstable under pressure (in the atmosphere). For example, the Apollo Saturn 5 featured long, relatively thin nozzles for optimum thrust at sea level. The Command Module, which operated only in space, utilized a comparatively wider engine for more expansion in space. The Bell nozzle is a compromise, opening up more rapidly near the throat and then opening more slowly near the end. However, bell nozzles are optimized for specific altitudes, therefore they will only provide their maximum thrust at a given altitude - at all other points they will provide less-than-optimum thrust.
The annular, or "altitude compensating" engine is a more recently developed design. Commonly referred to as Spike engines, annulars operate with exhaust flow outside what is typically thought of as the nozzle. The exhaust flows around a central spike, rather than being contained by walls. They are called "annular" because the throat is donut-shaped, with the spike protruding from the middle.
Now To talk about the forces that allow the car to move. There are two main aerodynamic forces acting on any object moving through the air. Lift is a force that acts 90° to the direction of travel of an object. Usually we think of lift when we think of an airplane. The plane travels forward (horizontally), and lift acts 90° to that motion of travel –
Thrust is able to happen because of Newton’s third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In a rocket that is going into space, there is gas that is pushed out of the engine in one direction, and the thrust is applied in the other direction, to lift the rocket off the ground and up into the sky. Similarly, in an Alka-Seltzer® rocket the thrust is provided by the gas (carbon dioxide), but because the gas is enclosed, it is not able to escape. When the gas finally does escape, it functions as the counter-force, and enables the canister to separate from the cap and fly into the
Bottle rockets are great models to examine Newton’s three laws of motion. The bottle rocket will remain on the ground until an unbalanced force, water, thrusts the rocket upward. This is defined by Newton’s first law of motion: an object at rest stays at rest or an object in motion, stays in motion (in the same direction/at the same speed) unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. It is also known as the law of inertia.
A rocket in its simplest form is a chamber enclosing a gas under pressure. A small opening at one end of the chamber allows the gas to escape, and in doing so provides a thrust that propels the rocket in the opposite direction. Newton’s laws can be used to explain this his laws in the simplest terms can be explained like this:
According to Miller, Ron. The History of Rockets. N.p.: Grolier, 1999. Print. "The forces of action and reaction, which propel the rocket forward, occur the moment the fuel is burned-before the exhaust leaves the engine." (Miller 10). the combustion within the motor is burning the fuel (reactants) causing the exhaust (products) to leave the motor pushing the rocket up.
Jones, Robert . "Dambusters’ bouncing bomb." How It Works Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb.
A hemi engine refers to the way the pistons, heads and block are designed. This style of engine claims to provide a better flow of air inside the cylinder by creating more room for larger valves in turn providing more power. The chamber on a hemi is hemispherical instead of being flat like traditional engines. This shape provides more surface area on the block allowing room for the larger valves. When the engine can breath better there is less friction and more clean air / fuel mixture providing more power.
There are many forces that a rocket must overcome, especially during liftoff.� Newton�s second law says that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=ma).� However, for a rocket the calculations are not that simple because the rocket�s mass is always changing as it burns up fuel.� So, we have to replace a new term with F, leading to
The main goal for both of these systems is to force more air into the combustion chamber than would normally be allowed with standard atmospheric pressure at sea level (14.7 PSI). More air in the combustion chamber along with proper tuning allows for more fuel to be burn which in turn creates more energy and thus more power.
For a rocket to fly in the air it needs thrust and thrust has to use fuel. There are different types of fuel a rocket can use, there is solid and liquid fuel. They are known to be the most used and easy to use. Solid fuel never stops burning, once it starts the burning does not stop. Solid fuel can only burn for two minutes and can easily evaporate at normal temperatures. Since it can’t stop burning and is easily evaporated it is used in missiles, commercial rocket and wood stoves. Liquid fuel can be used on space travels and missions. This type of fuel is best used for space travel for the reason that it is long lasting. Liquid fuel other than the solid fuel can
Wilson, D. G., & Korakianitis, T. (1998). The design of high-efficiency turbomachinery and gas turbines (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Rockets use Newton’s Laws of Motions. First Law states that objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration. Third Law states that every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Rockets use the first law of motion by using its massive force of rocket power to lift the object from its rest. The second law is just how much force is needed to lift the object from the ground. It uses the Third Law is that the rocket power force going downwards has an equal and opposi...
The second type is a standard spray pendant (SSP) where the sprinkler head is facing below the surface of a ceiling and it also spray water in a circle pattern. The last type is the sidewall sprinkler where the sprinkler heads stand from a wall and it has two deflectors. The function of the first deflector is to spray water away from the wall in a half circle spray pattern. The second deflector acts as to spray water back to the wall to protect the wall. This type of sprinkler head is used when the sprinklers cannot be installed in the
Projectile motion is used in our daily lives, from war, to the path of the water in the water fountain, to sports. When using a water fountain or hose, projectile motion can be used to describe the path and motion of the water. This technology was created by finding the angle at which the water would come out at a maximum height and the person using it would be able to drink it without leaning over too much. These types of projectile motion will be further explored and analyzed in this assessment.