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The Beginning – By the year of 1839, John Neely Bryan who was a Presbyterian farmer, tradesman, lawyer and the founder of Dallas City came to the three forks area of Trinity for finding a potential place as trading post serving Indians and settlers. The criteria for this survey were the place near the Preston Trail (Tim nguon va giai thich cho cai nay ) placed and the easiest for crossing the Trinity. After all, Arkansas was the chosen place for his affairs. However, a half of his customers (Indians) when he came back to the place in 1841 were gone due to a treaty about pushing all Indians out of North Texas. As the result, a permanent community idea was replaced instead of the concept of a trading post. By inviting people who had settled in Bird’s Fort that 22 miles away of the northwest to come and take place in his proposed town. The name Dallas was called from that time as Bryan became the leader of the community. The town was quickly growing and became a part of the state of Texas with the arriving of first doctors and lawyers in 1845. The Trinity River was a huge resource for sustaining life and settling along the river’s banks. Later the century there were several new water resource were additionally excavated like Lewisville Lake, Benbrook Lake, Lavon Lake, Joe Pool lake, etc… As being adjacent to the Trinity River, infrastructure system with bridges over the river and canals within the site were constructed as a significant aspect of the city. Flood of 1908 – The meaning of the river runs through the city was clearly understood in 1908 after a historical flood of the river. In May, the Trinity River had a flood gage of 52.6 feet after three-day rainfall. As a report, eleven people were killed within this time and 4... ... middle of paper ... ...fficient high for preventing flood but not the largest of floods. Until 1926 the levees system was extended by the new Dallas County Levee Improvement District No.10 in the confluence of the Elm Fork and West Fork downstream to the Santa Fe Railroad. Original Dallas Floodways Construction: the largest project in the state and the second largest construction in the country levees improvement in June of 1928. The total cost of the project reached to $14.000.000 approximately. This project extended the flood protection system to 20 districts, reclaimed more than 7,318 arces land of the west bank and 3,333 arces of the east bank. As the extension of the project, more industrial land were also created on the east site as well as other civic improvements. The plan also included the arrangement of facilities, infrastructures, land uses, etc… Works Cited Student
On September 10, 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt help transferred a $20 million from Emergency Relief Act funds to the department of interior for construction of Friant Dam. The following year coming, he signed the act. Projected cost of the Friant Dam and Reservoir came in at $14 million, the Friant-Kern Canal came in at $26 million, and the Madera Canal was $3 million. The dam was built by the United State Bureau of Reclamation and the Faint dam was completed in 1942.
When we see Texas, we remember today mainly for its BBQ, Football and Black Gold, Texas tea. However, there is much more than just the usual itineraries that we find in most other states as well. Molly Ivins in her essay “Is Texas America” categorically states that, “Here's the deal on Texas. It's big. So big there's about five distinct and different places here, separated from one another geologically, topographically, botanically, ethnically, culturally and climatically” (Ivins). This is a true belief from Molly Ivins of how huge Texas was and how the demographics changed in each geographical location in Texas. The population of Texas and the demographics are two essential factors that include many important parameters in deciding the history of any state. The presence of many ethnic groups further adds to the diversification of
The Missisippi was also managed in New Orleans to limit flooding. This was done through levies that were at first naturally built by the river’s mud flows during floods. Later the levies were built higher and higher to keep the flooding Mississippi into the New Orleans area. But the levies were often ineffective in managing, or led to more flooding. Kelman explains this when they write “With the development in the Mississippi Valley ongoing and artificial banks confining more runoff inside the channel, the river set new high-water marks” (Pg 702). Yet this is not the only example of the failure of Mississippi river management. Only 10 years ago, New Orleans’ levies failed, an example of the inability to control the flooding.
"Thousands of settlers moved to the border to await the opening. The army held them back until a pistol shot signaled the opening. Then a wild race began to claim the best farms and townsites. About 50,000 people had moved into Oklahoma by that evening. In a single day, Guthrie and Oklahoma City became cities of 10,000 persons" (Denna K. Fisher and Brad A. Bays Oklahoma). The towns from the east were practically empty. "Purcell, Indian Territory, April 22, -- A great change has come over this town. Yesterday it was a metropolis, to-night it is a hamlet in point of population. The metamorphosis was effected at 12 o'clock to-day, when several thousand men, women, and children crossed the Canadian River and entered upon a wild struggle for homes in the promised land. The scenes connected with this [text unreadable] will never be effaced from the memory of those who witnessed them.” (Into Oklahoma at Last Into Oklahoma at
Most of the destructions from the events of August 29th 2005, when Katrina Hit the City Of New Orleans, were not only caused by the storm itself; but also, by failure of the engineering of the levee system protecting the entire infrastructure of the city. The years of poor decision making and avoidance of the levee system led to one of the most catastrophic events in the history of the United States. Throughout our research, we have identified three key players in charge of the levee system design, construction and maintenance. These three organizations are the Unites States Corps of Engineers, the New Orleans Levee District and the Louisiana Department of Transportation. The consequences of the hurricane showed the organizations negligence in the design, construction and maintenance of the protective walls. Later independent sresearch showed that more than 50 levees and food walls failed during the passage of the hurricane. This failure caused the flooding of most of New Orleans and all of ST. Bernard Parish. The Unites States Corps of Engineers had been in charge of the of the levee system and flood walls construction since the 1936 flood act. According to the law, the Louisiana Department of Transportation is in charge to inspect the overall design and engineering practices implemented in the construction of the system. Once the levee systems were finished, they were handed over to the New Orleans Levee District for regular maintenance and periodically inspections. The uncoordinated actions of these three agencies resulted in the complete failure of a system that was supposed to protect the people of New Orleans. The evidence is clear that this catastrophic event did not happened by chance. The uncoordinated response of these...
By August 28, evacuations were underway across the region. That day, the National Weather Service predicted that after the storm hit, “most of the [Gulf Coast] area will be uninhabitable for weeks…perhaps longer.” New Orleans was at particular risk. Though about half the city actually lies above sea level, its average elevation is about six feet below sea level–and it is completely surrounded by water. Over the course of the 20th century, the Army Corps of Engineers had built a system of levees and seawalls to keep the city from flooding. The levees along the Mississippi River were strong and sturdy, but the ones built to hold back Lake Pontchartrain, Lake Borgne and the waterlogged swamps and marshes to the city’s east and west were much less reliable. Even before the storm, officials worried that those levees, jerry-built atop sandy, porous, erodible soil, might not withstand a massive storm surge. Neighborhoods that sat below sea level, many of which housed the city’s poorest and most vulnerable people, were at great risk of
Several steps preceded Texas Independence. In 1821 the Treaty of Cordoba was signed releasing Mexico from 300 years of Spanish control. Within the same year the first Anglo settlers migrated to Texas under Stephen F. Austin’s leadership. (Winders) The following year Andrew Robinson opened a ferry at the “La Bahia Crossing on the Brazos.”
Reed, C. (2011, June 20). Mississippi Floods to Raise the Dead Zone in the Gulf.
Thesis: The nine years of Texas’s independence were long and seemed to be dragged out. Were those nine years unnecessary and could it have been done in a shorter period of time? 13 October 1834 was the first revolutionary meeting of the American citizens who’d settled in Mexico, in the area soon to be known as Texas. The people attempted a movement that soon was laid to rest by the Mexican Congress. Attempts at independence were silenced for the time being and the elections of 1835 proceeded forward.
This may be a common trend in every large city if more hurricanes strike. Urban development in almost all cities in America has made flooding worse than it should be. The creation of buildings, asphalt, concrete, and other things have eliminated much of the grass in the cities, which will cause less rainwater to be absorbed into the ground. Although most major cities have rain drainage channels, Houston may not have had enough of them, which caused them to fill up with water. The water had nowhere to go except on the streets. The city of Houston avoided floodplains. The floodplains that were present in Houston were often ignored by construction companies. These companies chose to build houses on the floodplains. This is discussed in this quote by Sean Breslin, “In the months following Hurricane Harvey, Houstonians face an important decision: respect the floodplain and stop building homes wherever, or continue to ignore the lessons taught by countless flood events and build more homes in the most vulnerable areas of town” (Breslin n. pag). I feel that if the civilians and building companies in Houston would have respected the floodplains years earlier, fewer lives would have been lost in this hurricane. Coral reefs provide excellent coastline protection which slows the hurricane just before landfall. The death of coral reefs also could have played a large role in why the hurricane was so
“The story of early Gatlinburg: A talk by Rellie Dodgen at the Gatlinburg Rotary Club”, 1959 May 22, 1971 February 3 [Article 2], Carson Brewer Articles, MS-2048. University of Tennessee Libraries, Knoxville, Special Collections. 17 March 2010.
for revolution. The American Settlers were tired of Mexican dictatorship and wanted the same freedoms they enjoyed back in America. So with a little bit more influence from America a revolt was formed. Eventually Texas would capture Santa Anna the Mexican
During the 1600s to 1700s, the Spanish were settling Texas. They did this by building missions and presidios throughout the land. The purpose was to keep the French out and to change the Indians' ways of life. Some of these missions failed and some succeeded. All in all they were closed after years of trying to change the Indians.
Galveston, first visited by French and Spanish explorers in the 16th and 17th centuries, is located on Galveston Island, a 29-mile strip of land about two miles off the Texas coast and about 50 miles southeast of Houston. The city was named in the late 18th century for the Spanish governor of Louisiana, Bernardo de Galvez. Galveston is a commercial shipping port and, with its warm weather and miles of beaches, has also long been a popular resort. Galveston’s nickname at the time was Oleander City, which was filled with tourist at the time of the disaster.
The levee should provide adequate waterway area to accommodate the design flood, without restricting the flow so that the impact of the flood is worsened.