1) General Overview
Hypogonadism is a disease/condition in which there is an improper or unacceptable amount of hormones produced by sex glands within males and females. This consignment of an assignment will be discussing male related Hypogonadism.
Male Hypogonadism is a stipulation where there is a lacking of testosterone within the male body. There are 2 focal types of Hypogonadism, primary and secondary. In primary Hypogonadism, there is a direct dispute within the testes of a male. This means that due to their malfunction and impairment, there is an improper production of testosterone. In secondary Hypogonadism, there is a complication within the endocrine system which sends the signals to make testosterone.
The common age range varies greatly for this disease. As time passes and decades flow by, levels of testosterone in males are decreasing every generation. What this means is that the specific common age of this disease is continuously declining. The age of around 30 and above is the most common timing for the development of this disease. Though, it can be found in youngsters as well who may be suffering from pituitary disorders, Mumps orchitis and other conditions that may have an adverse effect of the production of their sex hormones.
The major hormone involved in this particular condition is testosterone. The production of testosterone starts off in the brain (hypothalamus) which detects the need for testosterone. It then sends a hormone known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then produces two other hormones called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These two hormones travel through the blood stream to the testicles. At this point, the ...
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...ke synthetic testosterones are through needles, any inappropriate disposal of needles can have a negative impact on the environment. Many people tend to dispose of needles incorrectly by simply throwing them in the trash. This is very dangerous considering these needles could possibly carry any diseases or infection the user may contain.
Moreover, this is a profligate matter to the environment for the reason that it is a complete wastage of resources. Needles fall under the category of “sharps”, a medical term utilized for devices with piercing points or edges that can puncture or cut skin. Sharps have to be disposed of in a certain way due to the fact that they pose certain health and environmental risks (cardinally spread of disease). Through this, one can understand why it is absolutely mandatory to rid ourselves of synthetic hormones/drugs in a correct manner.
Though Hidradenitis Suppurativa occurs in the glandular areas of the body, it doesn’t have anything to do with the glands. HS develops when hair follicles become blocked and swollen. The direct cause of this blockage is idiopathic but many factors may play a key role, such as, obesity, smoking, hormones and genetics. For reasons unknown women are more likely to inherit or acquire this condition, but that doesn’t mean men can’t develop this issue as well. Most cases tend to develop after puberty occurs, usually in a person’s teens or twenties, though children can develop this condition as well.
By providing clean needles to drug addicts, are we causing another issue such as increased drug
CAH is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder and males and females are affected in equal numbers. Chromosome 6 is where the group of genes lie that causes the most common forms of CAH. Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) are released by the anterior lobe in the pituitary gland. Its role is to act on cells of the adrenal cortex which then synthesizes corticosteroids and cortisol. However, those with CAH have insufficient amounts of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase, needed to convert 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) into cortisol.
Sexual dysfunction can be defined as the inability to partake in or enjoy sexual relationship with one's partner as a result of underlying physical and/or psychological factors (Hoel, 1998). Physical attributions play a large part in both males and females and their ability to perform and enjoy sex. Males encounter several normal changes as they become older. A decrease in the hormone testosterone is very common amongst males with increasing age. Testosterone is beneficial because it gives a decrease in body fat, an increase in energy, including sexual energy, and an increase in lean muscle. These factors are important for physical attraction one has for another, definitely improving the outcome of sexual arousal. The size and firmness of the testicles may be reduced because of this decrease as well. The sexual response phase also changes with age. During the beginning of sex, an older man may experience a delay in his erection and when erect, the penis may not be as firm as when younger. ...
Various previous studies found that girl and boys have different type of toys preferences that can be learned through modeling and reinforcement. There are also biological factors that influence the differences between girls and boys. Gonadal hormones highly influence the development of sex differences in terms of behavior and in the brain at different species of animals. There is a unique case where females with genetic disorder congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) –highly exposed to adrenal androgens before birth –shows a more manly behavior and physical energy with higher spatial ability than normal females. Other findings also show similar results caused by masculine hormones by maternal ingestion during pregnancy.
As a pediatrician and urologist specifically concentrating on disorders of sexual development (DSD)- “congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical” (Arnold/Saguy, Lecture 11)- every once in a while, a pregnant woman, whose first child is born with congenital androgen hyperplasia (CAH), comes to my office asking for a medicinal point of view on the biological, psychological, and ethical methods of treatment of her second child. Since recent advancements in research on ambiguous genitalia has uncovered several treatments that attempt to prevent certain disorders of sexual development in children, the woman comes in for insight on a steroid treatment specifically to avoid her second child developing ambiguous genitalia.
The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes its way to the bloodstream until it reaches the thyroid where it is then signaled to activate T3 and T4 production [1]. This mechanism is controlled by a negative feedback loop meaning that when there is a sufficient amount of thyroid hormones in the blood stream, this will signal back to stop production of thyroid stimulating hormones. Complications occur when the thyroid hormones keep increasing even though there is already a sufficient amount of T3 and T4 in the blood stream. This process of over expression of thryroid hormones is known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a general term that includes any disease that has a consequence of an overabundance of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is a general term but there are many variant diseases that are in the hyperthyroidism category. These diseases include diffuse toxic goiter, Basedow’s disease, thyrotoxicosis, Parry’s and Graves’ disease.
A man has been married to his wife for seven years. The couple has two beautiful children, a fabulous home, and appear to have the perfect marriage. After the husband leaves work one afternoon, he decides to stop in at the local bar. The man sits at a table in the corner of the room. Not long after his arrival, a woman approaches him. She asks the man if she can join him at his table. The two seem to have quite a bit in common and enjoy each other’s company. The woman asks if he would like to go back to her apartment. He has not had a fight with his wife today. In fact, she surprised him with a love note in his briefcase. Their sex life is enjoyable, frequent, and without complaint. The couple is not currently having financial problems. Despite this, why did the man decide to leave with a stranger and cheat on his wife? A great deal of research has been carried out on the topic of infidelity. Marital therapists have reported that more than half of the couples they counsel are in therapy as a result of infidelity (Atkins, Jacobson citation). Therapists also consider an extramarital affair as, “one of the most damaging relationship events and one of the most difficult problems to treat in couples therapy” (whisman predicting sexual infidelity…). Some therapists estimate that 50% to 65% of couples seek help after an incident of infidelity in their relationship (Atkins, Jacobson & Baucom). Identifying the reasons for this problem are essential to the success of its reduction. Infidelity is not a new phenomenon. However, there was little research on the topic until the late 1970’s (Drigotas & Barta, 2001). Numerous factors have been examined while trying to determine the root cause for extramarital relationships a...
4) Money, J. , Schwartz, M. and Lewis, V.G. Adult Erotusexual status and Fetal Hormonal Masculinization and Demasculinization:46, XX. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1984, 9, 903-908.
Puberty is the time in a person’s life when the body begins to sexually mature; the hormone oestrodiol is produced by females. Puberty is initiated by hormonal signals that go to the brain then to the gonads, ovaries in female. (NHS Choices Puberty) A hormone is the produced by the gonads that stimulates the growth, function and transformation of the brain, skin, hormones, breast and sexual organs. During puberty it causes severally different changes, the physical changes are breast development, pubic hair, body shape (hips get wider), vagina and uterus, menstruation and body odour. (Wikipedia)
Male Menopause begins with declining testosterone levels and is eventually characterized by the following symptoms: hair loss, depression, a slower immune system, weight gain, less stamina for physical activity, forgetfulness, irritability, and loss of or reduced interest in sex. (5) Impotence may also occur. Usually this "change" arises between the ages of 40 and 55, although it has been known to transpire as early as 35 and as late as 65. (6) Several different clinical terms exist for the popularized term "male menopause" such as "andropause" or "viropause". (2) Andropause was named for the hormone "androgen" which is essentially testosterone. It is also the name of the therapy with which they treat a man suffering from male menopause. This treatment comes in the form of injection, skin patches or liquid gel. (5) In order to be diagnosed with male menopause, one must have reached the eligible age then endure a physical exam wherein blood samples will be taken. These samples are tested for hormone levels. If these blood samples demonstrate low levels of androgen and the patient seems to be suffering from the symptoms associated wit...
Treatment is started at slightly different ages in different countries, but often at an age of about 6-7 years. In order to achieve puberty development and a body height of more than the average of about 146 cm, oestrogen and growth hormone must be given. Oestrogen therapy should start after one has taken the growth hormone for at least two years (about 12-13 years old is average), using small doses at first to promote sexual development. Oestrogen is gradually supplemented by progesterone (a stronger female hormone) as the girl matures. The treatment can be given as tablets, injections, or oestrogen plaster.
Rosler, A. & Witztum, E. (1998). “Treatment of Men with Paraphilia with a Long-Acting Analogue of Gonadotropin-
...ly, many hypotheses were examined in this study and it is unclear what exactly this difference was. The data did not show whether it was heterosexual men or homosexual men who had an effect, if any, on androgen levels while in a relationship. It is clear in both studies that sexual orientation does have an effect on androgen levels in men who are in relationships. Perhaps this is due to the fact that men cannot reproduce with another man and know that they cannot naturally achieve a child in a homosexual relationship. It is possible that sub-consciously these men are still looking for a mate who can fulfill their ultimate goal of reproducing. Unfortunately, not much study has gone into detail about the effect of sexual orientation on androgen levels of men in relationships. On the contrary, many studies have been made about the effects of androgen levels in fathers.
...culatory system. Pituitary gland is a growth hormone that helps in mertabolism and develops reproductive organs. The thyroid controls metabolsim on the rate that the body breaks down food. Adrenal gland secretes many hormones including adrenaline which prepares the body to react in a stressful situation. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and insulin. Ovaries produce ova and estrogen. Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone. To stay healthy you should get a regular medical check-up, eat a well-balanced diet, sleep at least 8 hours, and decrease stress in your life. Some problems are growth disorders, diabetes, and obesity. Puberty begins at different times for girls then boys. Girls start around ages 9-13 and boys are ages 10-15.