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terrorism and its effect
forms of domestic terrorism
terrorism and its effect
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Terrorism is a common term used in media and news everyday especially in the United States. We are in a constant battle against ‘terrorism’, “Counterterrorism has to be woven into the everyday workings of every department. It should be included on the agenda of every meeting…” (Kelling & Bratton, 2006). There is an argument about how different is terrorism from crime. All terrorism is criminal but not all criminals are terrorists. Terrorism unlike most crimes has a political agenda behind it. Many terrorist are involved in other types of crime as well, especially if they need to fund their operation, such as money laundering, and to disguise themselves by false identity. “Many terrorists, especially foreigners who are in the United State illegally, …show more content…
This notification should allow for the public to know how best to protect themselves and not make them panic. Terrorists and criminals may have different behavior which can help identify who may be involved in either one. Terrorist behavior may include concealed explosives and written plans to carry out his or her mission. The type of attack can depend on opportunity, if guns are more available than explosives than that might be the weapon of choice. Terrorism has been shown in media to be an planned by a terrorist group which often has been the case in the biggest attacks like 9-11. But like other types of crime there are lone wolves and there are terrorist groups. These two types have different ways to deal with and lonewolves can be much harder because there is less clues and evidence to gather. Signs of a terrorist may have similar steps to those who were involved in the World Trade Center attack. This included gathering supplies to create explosives, planning escape routes, surveying the buildings, getting a large truck, training the mission (Kelling & Bratton, …show more content…
The next is gathering intelligence on the target such as getting maps and other logistics. THis may include testing the security and doing a trial run.The next is to find the right candidates to carry out the attack, this may include young zealots who you may pay their family and know they are loyal to the cause. Another important step is to specify the target and the rough to get there. There needs to be high amounts of trust and commitment and proper training because this is life or death. To get the message out and before the attack there needs to be probanda created such as camera and photos of the marty who is giving his life (Clarke & Newman, 2006.) Fear, loss of life, large financial cost. Also a terrorist attack especially one like 9-11 can have large implications on policy, laws, culture, and foreign affairs. The attack on 9-11 led our nation to a long lasting war, new federal agencies like the DHS and TSA, and new laws regulating airports and how we all travel and behave on
There are warning signs but they are not always predicative of a lone wolf terrorist or another criminal act of violence. The law has safeguards for the citizens of America for freedom of speech which also makes the task more difficult for law enforcement. Due to each lone attackers’ individual belief structure there are not any singular profile to match the Lone wolf. Profiling these lone attackers has not been an effective method in catching the Lone wolf terrorist. However, there are some similarities that do match a generalized profile, which leads to the different types of the Lone wolf terrorist
This paper will talk about three different types of terrorism. A background of each type will be provided to understand the motivations and goals. The first type that will be discussed is religious terrorism. The second type that will be discussed is suicide terrorism. The third and last type that will be discussed is nationalist terrorism. Each type of terrorism has distinct differences in their goals, motivations, strategy, use of violence, etc. However, the main focus of this paper will be on the difference between each type’s tactics and/or strategy.
The FBI defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of political or social objectives (fbi.gov).” By this definition, terrorism can be classified as internal or international based on the overall intent of the attack. Terrorism has been around since the beginning of time, but it’s only since 2011 that the world has come to fully understand the meaning of terrorism. The following paragraphs will highlight four different types of terrorist attacks that all took place within the United States spanning over a 40 year time period.
As David Canter stated in his book, The Faces of Terrorism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, “Terrorism is multifaceted and, as a consequence, no one explanation, theory or discipline will ever fully account for all terrorist activities. However, the psychological and social psychological processes that lead any given person to commit a terrorist act tend to have been under-represented in the terrorist literature. This is doubtless in part due to the difficulty of conducting studies that engage directly with those individuals who carry out terrorist acts.” (Canter 1) Basically, Canter discusses how terrorism, as discussed before, is not a one-sided act.
Just like any cult, terrorism has several stages that a follower must undergo before becoming a fully established terrorist. Under the social psychological conditioning theory, there are five phases that a terrorist must go through before becoming a complete radical (Siegel 123). The phases in social psychological conditioning fit very well with the cultic condition present in terrorism.
Terrorism has successfully been able to flourish due to the three main types of terrorism (Revolutionary, Religious and Separatist/Anti-colonist). By means of a bigger purpose, these various reasons for terrorism have created a bigger sense of fear for the public. Knowing what is happing, how it can be explained is a good way of assessing the issue of terrorism. It forms a coping organism for the government in regarding to creating prevention legislation. But unlike organized crime, terrorism has been proven to be difficult to control due to the foreign powers controlling it. It is a serious issue in America, and the World that America is a part
Terrorism is focused on a one-sided belief that dictates massive destruction of institutions, foundations and national symbols. It represents a philosophy, which does not comply with common sense. Terrorism acts are a matter of individual psychology, relentless ideology, religious commitment, or political passion. The most devastating terrorism attack in the United States was on September 11, 2001. Other U S attacks were the Manhattan attack in 1997, the Anthrax attack in 2001, a prior World Trade Center attack in 1993, the Wall Street Bombing attack in 1920, and the Kalama City bombing in 1995 (Askshintala, 2013). Terrorism attacks have also taken place in Israel, Greece, Chechnya a border between Russia and European countries and India (Askshintala, 2013). All of these attacks and other attacks that were not as devastating have become much of an international legal debate on terrorism. Terrorism should be criminalized under international law.
In Module one, I learned that terrorism is a result of physical harm or deadly acts of force with the intent of a political outcome by the use of terror for coercion. There are various types of terrorism such as international terrorism and domestic terrorism. International terrorism occurs outside of the United States with a purpose to influence the policy of a government by intimidation. International and Domestic terrorism both involve violent acts dangerous to human life that violate federal and state laws. Domestic terrorism occurs within the United States with the intention of coercion or intimidation by way of mass destruction, etc. Some forms of terrorism include Improvised explosive devices (IED), kidnappings, suicide bombings and
“World Trade center was a center of attraction for all these terrorist attacks. Well before 9/11 incident the WTC already World Trade Center already got a choke through bomb blasts on Feb 26, 1993. This was said to be a failure one as they aimed for twin tower attacks and missed their task. There was a truck placed in the basement parking of North Tower New York city. Miserably, the truck was full of bombing materials. This was a failure attack as it did not demolish the twin towers. But it was the first biggest attack to destroy the backbone of the US. Ahmad Ajaj, Mahmud Abouhalima, Nidal A. Ayyad, Ramzi Yousef, Abdul Rahman and Mohammad Salameh, were the core team group who planned and executed this attack which was financed by Shaikh Mohammed.”
An individual terrorist is more likely to be predisposed to acts of violence without any apparent political assignment. An example of an individual terrorist is Lee Harvey Oswald or Timothy McVeigh. These are the people that are only trying to make a statement for their personal higher cause. More often than not, you will find that the terrorist acting alone is a mentally unstable person that is seeking approval for his idea(s).
In Chapter 1 of “Inside Terrorism” political analyst Bruce Hoffman, explains that the term “terrorism” has undergone numerous definitions over the course of history, starting with the French Revolution of 1789-94. Hoffman explains that according to the Oxford English Dictionary, terrorism can be defined basically as an act or policy enacted by a government to strike fear into those against whom the act is against, to coerce them into submission to the policies of the government. He also explains that a more helpful definition, that of a terrorist, rather than the act of terrorism, provides a better way of defining terrorism. He also explains that the term terrorist is more of a political term than a specific action. (Hoffman 2006) Sociologist Charles Tilly also mentions the French Revolution as the earliest reference to the term of terrorism. They also agree that these early references to terrorism was primarily carried out by governments as a means of oppressing those who would revolt against them. (Tilly 2004) Both authors also agree that although the roots of the term terrorist began during the late 1789s. The concept as well as the definition of terrorism has changed over time, particularly in recent years since Sept. 11, 2001. As the definition of terrorism has changed over the years, so have the methods of dealing with
The Oklahoma City Bombing is an example of domestic terrorism. Timothy McVeigh an anti-government militant American citizen who bombed a Federal building in Oklahoma city in 1995. The attack involved a rental truck packed with explosives which was denoted on the north side of the building. The explosion killed 168 people, 19 of them were children, and leaving over 650 injured. The blast was so devastating it blew off the side of the building and left more than 300 surrounding buildings with damage. Non-Domestic terrorist attacks on US soil would be exampled by 9/11. In this attack foreign terrorists hijacked 4 separate passenger airline jets and crashed two of them into the World Trade Towers in New York, the 3rd being crashed into the Pentagon, while the fourth crashed into a field in the outskirts of Pennsylvania. This tragedy has an estimated death toll of over 3000 people, with 400 being first responders. The terrorists responsible for this heinous crime is believed to be affiliated with al-Qaeda, which was funded at the time by Osama bin-laden. This event was a turning point in the security level of the American nation. Because of the increase in security in border control, American conversion to Islam has seen an increase inside the American Prison system. The Prison system is an excellent place to recruit people to
The mind of a terrorist is a very unique and mysterious thing. There are many things that can create different aspects inside a terrorist oganization. With a set of constant new recruits and persons that are willing to commit sucidie terrorism the terror organizations can be extrememly effective in achieving their goals for their organizations. Recruits can be reached through many forms of communications and once into a group that is radicalized they can become suicide terrorist in order to fulfill their own needs.
Terrorism is one of the most extensively discussed issues of our time and at the same time it is also one of the least understood. The term itself “terrorism” means many different things to different people, cultures, and races. As a result, trying to define or classify terrorism with one universal definition is nearly impossible. The definition of terrorism used in this research is a reflection of much of the Western and American way of defining it. The definition of terrorism is,
Terrorism has many forms, and many definitions. “Elements from the American definitional model define terrorism as a premeditated and unlawful act in which groups or agents of some principal engage in a threatened or actual use o...