Studies of the disease were found by using the Texas A&M Corpus Christi library through electronic search of temporal lobe epilepsy. Four primary research and one review article were used to complete this literature analysis. The articles discussed are condensed in Table 1.
Regarding EI in patients with TLE and patients with extra temporal lobe epilepsy was a case-control study that had three groups. Group 1 consisted of forty patients with TLE. Group 2 consisted of thirty patients with extra temporal lobe epilepsy. Group 3 consisted of thirty healthy control volunteers [1].
The studies that were conducted consisted of clinical evaluation and neuropsychological testing. To collect neuropsychological data these methods were used; Progressive matrices test to examine IQ, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Emotional intelligence scale, Electroencephalogram (EEG), and Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [1].
Clinical evaluation was the explanation of epilepsy obtained from the patient, witnesses and medical analysis. Kasr El-Aini psychiatric interview sheet was used for all three groups. Neuropsychological testing using Progressive matrices test to examine IQ: Developed by Raven, is used to test intelligence without the use of language, and utilizes 60 “visual pattern” objects that escalate in complexity. General Health Questionnaire: Shorted 28 item GHQ that contained 4 factors, A (somatic symptoms), B (anxiety and insomnia), C (social dysfunction), and D (severe depression) scale. Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS): Schedule of recent experience questionnaire developed by Homlmes and colleagues to measure adaptations necessary to function by life occurrences. Emotional intelli...
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...ng, G., Liu, Z., Lv, H., Fang, F., & ... Kang, X. (2014). Seizure Control of Current Shunt on Rats with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Neocortical Epilepsy. Plos ONE, 9(1), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086477
3. Coan, A. C., Campos, B. M., Yasuda, C. L., Kubota, B. Y., Bergo, F. G., Guerreiro, C. M., & Cendes, F. (2014). Frequent Seizures Are Associated with a Network of Gray Matter Atrophy in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with or without Hippocampal Sclerosis. Plos ONE, 9(1), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085843
4. Manal M., E., Asmaa M., E., Emaan, H., & Eman M. Abdel, H. (2013). Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Memory Based Cognitive Assessment. Egyptian Journal Of Neurology, Psychiatry & Neurosurgery, 50(3), 241-247.
5. McCrae, N., & Elliott, S. (2012). Spiritual experiences in temporal lobe epilepsy: a literature review. British Journal Of Neuroscience Nursing, 8(6), 346-351.
Ramachandran and his team concluded that although the patients were not experiencing seizures or experiencing supernatural occurrences at the time of testing, they were highly sensitive to religious words. Thus, the experiences of temporal lobe seizures strengthened the patients interest in religion (11).
Kaplan, H. I., Sadock, B. J., & Grebb, J. A. (1994). Synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences,
Butcher, James N. "Assessment in Clinical Psychology: A Perspective on the Past, Present Challenges, and Future Prospects." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 13(3)(2006): 205-209.
Weiner R. D., & Krystal, A.D. (February 1994). The present use of electroconvulsive therapy. Annual Review of Medicine, 45, 273-281.
First off, it is important to understand what a seizure is. A seizure is caused by abnormal discharge of electric stimulation in the brain. They may also be caused by salt imbalances in the blood, gastrointestinal disease, poisoning, head injury, brain disease such as a tumor, a malformed blood vessel, or anything that causes sudden lack of oxygen to the brain.((1).) Seizures are also grouped into different categories depending on how severe they are and also depending on which part of the brain is effected. For example, if the entire brain is involved it is a generalized seizure as opposed to if only a portion of the brain is effected and in that case the seizure is a partial seizure. ((2).) There are two types of partial seizures, simple partial and complex partial. There are also two types of generalized seizures, generalized absence (petit mal) and tonic-clonic (grand mal). The seizures that my sister has are tonic-clonic or grand mal, which are considered the most severe type of seizure to have. With a tonic-clonic seizure, there are two phases. In the tonic phase, the person loses consciousness and falls, as the body grows rigid. In the clonic phase, body extremities jerk and twitch. After the seizure, consciousness returns slowly. ((2).)
Epilepsy, also known as “seizure disorder,” or “seizure attack,” is the fourth most common neurological disorder known to mankind, affecting an estimated 2.3 million adults and 467,711 children in the United States. Unfortunately this disorder is becoming far more common and widespread worldwide. This staggering number of cases of people suffering from Epilepsy also involves an average growth rate of 150,000 new cases each year in the United States alone. Generally, many of the people who develop who are a part of the new are mainly either young children or older adults. Your brain communicates through chemical and electrical signals that are all specialized for specific tasks. However, through the process of communication, chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters can suddenly fail, resulting in what is known as a seizure attack. Epilepsy occurs when a few too many brain cells become excited, or activated simultaneously, so that the brain cannot function properly and to it’s highest potential. Epilepsy is characterized when there is an abnormal imbalance in the chemical activity of the brain, leading to a disruption in the electrical activity of the brain. This disruption specifically occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is the part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord. This causes an interruption in communication between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons; between the axon of one neuron, the message sender and the dendrite of another neuron, the message recipient. Consequently, the effects that epileptic seizures may induce may range anywhere from mild to severe, life-threatening ramifications and complications. There are many different types of seizures associa...
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain causing people to have seizures. A seizure is a big disruption of electrical communication between neurons, leading to the temporary release of excessive energy in a synchronized form Epilepsy is very unpredictable. Having a seizure disorder doesn't mean that you can only have one type of seizure. People can have many different types of seizures; it can vary on the person. In some cases depending on the type of seizures someone may have they can grow out of them. (“Epilepsy Foundation." What Is Epilepsy? N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2014.)
Nelson-Gray, Rosemery O. "Treatment Utility Of Psychological Assessment." Psychological Assessment 15.4 (2003): 521-531. PsycARTICLES. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
Liddle, H A., Rowe, C L., Dakof, G A., Henderson, C E., Greenbaum, P E.; (Feb, 2009). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; Vol 77(1); 12-25. Doi: 10.1177/0306624X10366960
Epilepsy is a disorder regarded as by recurring seizures (also known as “seizure disorder). About 3 million Americans have epilepsy. In about 70% of people with epilepsy, the cause is not known. In the remaining 30%, the most common causes are head trauma, brain tumor, lead poisoning, infection of brain tissue or heredity. Dae Shaun who has epilepsy is one of these cases and the cause for his epilepsy is head trauma. It is one of kinds of brain injury caused by trauma.
Mcbride, Carolina. Zuroff, David. Ravitz, Paula. Koestner, Richard. Moskowitz, Debbie. Quilty, Lena. Bagby, Michael. (2010). British Journal of Clinical Psychology. , 49(4), p529-545.
Many people with epilepsy usually have more than one type of seizure and may have other symptoms of neurological problems as well. The cause of epilepsy varies by age of the person, but the majority of the time the cause is unknown. Common causes of seizures by age in Elizabeth Otte’s case would be congenital conditions (Down’s syndrome; Angelman's syndrome; tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis), genetics, head trauma, and progressive brain disease which is rare (Schechter & Shafer, Ltd., 2013, p.1). The diagnosis of epilepsy is based on medical history of the patients including family history of seizures. They ask several of questions to figure of what type of seizures the patients could possibly be suffering from. Doctors then preform test such as EEG, take blood, and study images of your brain. Epilepsy is treated by a neurologist specialist that may or may not subscribe medication depending on the severity and frequency of the seizures. Also treatment can be a change in the patients’ diet or
It was a cold, rainy day. I could see most of the kids at the bus stop had winter coats and hats. The clouds were particularly low in the sky. After evading the numerous puddles in the road, I reached the bus stop and walked up to a group of friends. A girl in my class spotted me and asked, "Are you going to the dance tomorrow?"
The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992. Print.