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cultural influences on acupuncture
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Urban Acupuncture
There is an interesting theory nowadays called urban acupuncture, which refers to the idea that carefully considered as small-scale architectural interventions have the potential to bring about positive change to a larger urban field. (Deyond, 2012) “Acupuncture” is a Chinese medical treatment procedures involving penetration of the skin with needles to stimulate certain points on the body. In Chinese medicine, doctors proposal that our bodies are able to heal by ourselves, and use some method such like acupuncture and cupping to simulate points to treat patients. Similarly, many modern cities are sick, facing the problem of excess urbanization: cities are full of buildings and become concrete jungles, and large numbers of transportations cause pollutions in the cities. If we take a city as an organism with different kinds of energy inside its “body”, which is similar to human being, urban acupuncture cure the city through changing small parts of the city.
In the first article Urban Acupuncture and the paradoxical logic of systems, Deyond points a concept “leverage points” provided by Donella Meadows. Leverage point is the place in the system where a small change could lead to a large shift in behavior. The idea of leverage point can be used not only in management, but also can be used in urban design. The author points out two leverage points: material stocks and flow, that is, a urban infrastructure built by stocks and flows will have big effect on system operation; and self-organization, that is organism and social system can change themselves by creating new structure and behavior. Deyond gives the example of Urban-think tank (U-TT), an architecture firm, using their projects vertical Gymnasiums (VGs) and Metro Cable to illustrate those two leverage points.
The second article From Product to Process: Building on Urban Think Tank’s Approach to the Informal City introduce a firm named Urban- think tank (U-TT) that focuses on the city problem and tries to start proposal for the city in building projects in conflict zones. They have designed many projects in different parts of the world. Similar to this urban acupuncture is the way that “cures” the city and social problems by making changes of certain part in the city. Although there are cultural and social specificities, cities are facing problems in common. Connecting the formal and informal city is their main aim of activities. They attempt to put together communities, design ideas and urban actors on the ground that are the stakeholders in order to produce high-quality architecture.
The island of Manhattan was consolidated into the greater New York City in 1898. Because of this the city was transformed from a nineteenth century seaport with cobblestone streets into a twentieth century metropolis of skyscrapers and subways. The artists of the Ashcan movement saw this changing society in human terms. They saw this in a light which depicted the interaction of so many different cultures which were being thrust together. They documented these changes on a level which the ordinary person could understand. Because of the Ashcan School we have a picture of society which one really cannot understand amidst the overpowering spectacle of overpowering buildings and increasing technology.4
In “Walking in the City”, written by Michel de Certeau, the concepts of strategies and tactics are discussed. Certeau begins with suggesting that having a trajectory will initiate movement of an operation. For example, one must have an idea, or concept, to start a project. Once the idea is made, an operation will be in the works and the concepts of a strategy will protrude. Strategies are concepts of early planning-when one decides to transform an area, they must rationally plan it. They are used by larger corporations such as construction firms, architects, and the rich and the powerful. However, with strategy comes tactic. Tactics are portrayed by those who are subordinate. These people tend to be opportunistic and defensive to challenge the ideas of organizational power structures. Tactics are meant to fight higher order through the creation of the people’s own laws and regulations. They are also personalized ways in how people get from one place to another.
The problems caused by the urbanization phenomenon also deal with the decreased quality of health care and medicine provision for the mass people in the cities. The negative effects of urbanization are scaring the people, and many of them choose to turn back from the urban places to previous places where they lived. Nevertheless, not everything about urbanization tends to be perceived in the dark light. For example, urbanization brings the growth and development of commercial activities and contributes to the social and cultural integration. Respectively, this phenomenon cannot only be viewed as the negative one but should also be regarded for its positive impacts. To achieve this, the people need to find out the ways of bringing forward the benefits of urbanization and reducing its negative impacts on the lives of
Meanwhile, businessman Nof Al-Kelaby provides examples of making and remaking on City Road, in relation to connections and disconnections between people and places. Having arrived...
With health and wellness as a topic that is still very relevant as there become more urban developments, it is valid proof that Wright’s and Olmsted’s design principles and theories are useful precedents for contemporary designers.
From the quaint café on the corner of First and Main that booms on Sunday mornings, to the community park and pond where families feed the ducks and children play in the midday sun, reminders of an urban area’s identity are scattered within its limits. This identity is composed of a certain level of community shared by the inhabitants of urban areas, and this sense of community develops over generations as people become personally intertwined with other people and structures contained within the fabric of their environment. This sense of community is the heartbeat of thriving urban centers and is what encourages people to take pride in their city — to take pride in their home. It is therefore alarming when one rounds the corner of Main to discover their favorite café has closed up shop, or the duck pond is gated because of contaminated water, or the historical home is deserted and falling apart. As building blocks of community like the café, pond, or the home are eliminated, the identity of urban environments is lost. Cities’ sense of being erodes and the vitality and joy of the area and its inhabitants decays.
As an introduction, a small explanation of how the case study visit occurred, methodology of work and outcomes as conclusions and findings were observed. The next step is to link the conclusions of the case study visit to the context of the micro economies essay’s outcomes. The final part of the essay is to expand on the findings, and draw final conclusions regarding micro economies phenomena and gentrification. Last but not least, comparisons to architecture would be made along the way, and how architecture is used in different ways in the economic context.
Quickened procedures of urbanization in the twenty-first century, as we have seen, are to a great extent moved in urban areas in creating nations, and the greater part of these new urban natives are living in informal or illicit advancements. Urban design, then again, moves past the investigation of space; it is the act of effectively forming the city in a wanted manner (Németh, 2010). It is evident that urban communities can frequently be overpowering places, and that we require a decided state of mind and clear center so as to explore their complexities. Urban originators enhance the livability of urban communities by making an interpretation of arrangements into physical systems, setting up configuration criteria for advancement ventures,
In order to create innovative public architecture, considered to be the most civic, costly, time intensive and physical of the arts, the project holds a degree of risk, strife, and negotiation . Overcoming these tasks and creating worthy public architecture is a challenge designers try to accomplish, but are rarely successful. The people involved in a potential public building, can be larger than the building itself. Public architecture tries to please all, even the doubters and critics, but because of the all these factors, a building is closer to failing than succeeding.
Over the past few centuries, after mankind had almost fully embraced the thought of living life within the confines of a city, the people in charge of the maintenance and upkeep of the sprawling metropolises that now dominate the world scene have used methods that are equally alike and different in order to accomplish their goals. Often considered one of the first great city planners of pre-modern times, Haussmann was given the task to recreate the sprawling mass that Paris had become into a landmark of both beauty and power. His personal style, although having its own fair share of critics, is now considered to have been at least fairly successful in completely retrofitting and modernizing the monuments, the roadways and the main public systems that we have grown accustomed to seeing in today’s Paris. Many of the same schemes that Haussmann employed his citywide power are still in use today, but as time went on modern planners have also brought new ideas to the table. Robert Moses was able to completely revolutionize the thought of how much power a city planner could actually have, but at the same time he displaced thousands of people. His housing architecture and magnificent public buildings made Frank Lloyd Wright famous, but history remembers him most for his attempt to create the perfect planned community. Most recently the leaders of the Masdar project have been grabbing the limelight in the world of city planning, as they attempt to forever change how human beings interact in the urban area around them. As it is with everything involving millions of people, the architects mentioned above laid plans that had both pros and cons in the eyes of the population. Perhaps if all of the more effective methods that these great vision...
The city has been evolving for the better since the times of widespread disease and famine that once hit “urbanized cities” during the industrial revolution. During the 1800’s diseases like typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis impacted people in a way where it was expected
Renzo respects that is it important to not become self referential with design. Therefore, to truly understand the reality of a city, Renzo will never accept a new job without visiting the space first. This is to find the fundamental emotions, which he states is the true source of inspiration (Archinect, 2006). Furthermore, Renzo and his team will make hundreds of models after research to test their theories. “Versions enable us to understand how the pieces will work with each other”, Renzo once said (BMIAA, 2015).
During the last century Copenhagen has seen major changes in the physical construct of the city but who was involved and what changes have occurred? When did these changes occur? Where were the main areas of development? Why was this change needed? And also, was it a successful development? Main case studies for this discussion include Copenhagen’s post-war master plan for it’s city looking at how it seamless integrated its transport systems, pedestrian walkways and businesses along with housing and zooming in further to the Ørestad district and its development which includes various architecture projects by practices such as BIG. By beginning to find answers to these questions through different sources and analysing them not only through words but also by illustrations and diagrams, an understanding of Copenhagen’s development can be begun to be made. Before these questions can be answered a step back should be made reflecting Copenhagen’s history.
... architectures would led to a more organic organization beneficial to the people that choose to make their lives in this city. Although this model of a sustainable city is not a perfectly closed loop, it lays the foundation for one that is. Over time, with constantly evolving and improving technology and new methods of design from the scale of products to buildings, the gaps in the loop could be closed, and a “true” sustainable city could be fully realized.
If there are more people, more, density, and a good mixture of uses, it will be a safer city... You cannot find a single city that does not wish to make the city center more vibrant or livelier.” This quote from Jan Gehl, the principal of Gehl Architects, illustrates the importance of having a sustainable city. The Central Park project has showcased to the world on how the landscape we design or occupy, can affect our daily activities and surrounding neighborhood. It sets an example of how design must be appreciated as a crucial factor in sustainability and emphasized on the fact the connection of people and nature should not be ignored. All in all, landscape architects are the ones to determine the physical characteristics of the public realm environment, to decide whether a city is attractive to people and whether people will choose to live in the city in the long