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Issues in the conflict between China and Taiwan
Eleven Lectures on Taiwan History
Eleven Lectures on Taiwan History
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In deciding on which course of action would be the most appropriate in resolving the Taiwan-China conflict, it would be necessary to understand the conflict and the attempts made to resolve such conflict to have a proper perspective on the issue. It would also help to analyze why the previous techniques were not successful before adopting any policy recommendation to resolve the conflict. I. Description of the Taiwan-China conflict The conflict between Taiwan roots back in 1911 when a revolution overthrew the Qing dynasty. China was fragment after the fall of Qing dynasty and civil war followed (Myers 1) in 1915. In this condition, the political party that gave birth to Taiwan, the Guomindang or GMD was formed and so was the ruling party in China, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). These two political parties however begun as allies in Southeast China in their effort to crush the warlords in 1923 that caused the civil war in China. The alliance however was short lived because it collapsed within four years and the two political parties became bitter enemies that precipitated another civil war. GMD’s generals pledge loyalty to its new leader Chiang Kaishek and formed a new Republic of China in Nanjing and later formed a new ROC government in Nanjing in 1927 (Myers 1). Chiang Kaishek had the upper hand over the CCP in 1937 as Chiang Kaishek army drove the Communists into the Northwest region of China. Japan however attacked China in July 1937 to make Chiang Kaishek ROC a client state of Japan. The attack was thwarted because Taiwan and China again forged an alliance to defeat Japan. This alliance lasted for eight years until Japan was defeated in August 15, 1945. During this time, Chiang Kaishek also allied with the... ... middle of paper ... ...y where the mediator which in this case is UN can prepare the agenda, steps of reconciliation and possible solution to the conflict. The Taiwan-China conflict is complex with deep history of animosity and grudges and it is recommended that the President of the United States to encourage principled negotiation where the approach to resolution is focused more on the interest and reasons of the negotiation rather than the content and positions of both parties (Tuker and Glaser 24). The United States will just set the “stage” where these two parties can negotiate with a mediator that both parties respect which in this case is the UN. It is also in the best interest of the United States if these two parties will begin to negotiate and resolve their issues in peaceful manner with United States acting only as observer and avoid conflict with mainland China (Steffens 90).
First, if the CCP recognizes Taipei as an independent state, the CCP risks losing it bargaining power over the decisions and actions taken in regard to the island. A country’s bargaining power is the strength of a states claim over the disputed territory. A decline in this power mea...
The Nationalist Party primarily competed against the Chinese Communist party starting in the early 20th century. Leader of said party was Sun Yatsen, he is described as “a patriot whose sincerity permitted him to be startlingly nonideological and opportunistic....”1 While he did not initially adopt the ideals of communism (class battles) he knew it would be necessary to spread a nationalist theory throughout China. In theory they [the communists] violated his Three Principles of the People -- “Nationalism, People's Rights or Democracy, and People's Livelihood...”2 Eventually becoming overwhelmed with warlordism and misfortune, Sun would retreat to Shanghai and begin reorganizing the Guomindang (or Chinese Nationalist Party). This would reveal that early efforts were futile for a strong nationalist party in China. Sun would later then ally with the Soviets and model his government model after theirs.
In July 1937, the second Sino-Japanese War broke out. A small incident was soon made into a full scale war by the Kwantung army which acted rather independently from a more moderate government. The Japanese forces succeeded in occupying almost the whole coast of China and committed severe war atrocities on the Chinese population, especially during the fall of the capital Nanking. However, the Chinese government never surrendered completely, and the war continued on a lower scale until 1945.
The formation of the United Nations in 1945 marked a monumental success in the international political realm. It was founded to foster relations with its member and non-member states, encourage the respect of human rights, and fight to solve social, economic, and humanitarian issues. However, of all of these motives, its foundation was based primarily on creating peace and preventing conflict between members. The idea of collective security in the UN has become the heart of peace keeping within the union and all members vow to preserve peace and eliminate identified aggressors. Chapter VII of the UN charter is the impetus behind collective security and provides the legal foundation for the UN to eradicate all threats to the peace.
Fighting between the Communists and Nationalists had started years earlier, but was interrupted by the Second Sino-Japanese War. Both sides fought against the Japanese, but resumed civil war after Japan surrendered. However, Jieshi had a “policy of avoiding combat with Japan” (Jiang Jieshi). His troops fought very few battles in the Japanese war. Despite the Nationalist’s inaction, “Chiang Kai-Shek [Jieshi] had extensive support from the U.S.” (Green). The common Chinese peasants saw his policy as a weakness, leading the Communists to gain peasant support. Peasants also held a long tradition of contempt for foreigners, so the Nationalists receiving foreign aid didn’t help their case. Another consequence of this policy was that “his [Jiang’s] army became soft, and the Communist troops became battle-har...
...he Chinese knew that they could not fight the Japanese until they worked together, however Chiang did not stop fighting the communists. According to Ebrey, “In 1936 troops that had been driven out of Manchuria by the Japanese were ordered by Chaing to blockade the Communists in Yan’an. When Chiang came to Xi’an, they kidnapped him and refused to release him until he agreed to form a united front with the communists against Japan.” (Ebrey, 450). Now working together, Chiang started to defend China against Japan. However, the Japanese forces still could not be stopped and on December 1937, Japan, “went on a rampage, massacring somewhere between 40,000 and 300,000 civilians and fugitive soldiers, raping perhaps 20,000 women, and laying the city waste.” (Ebrey, 450) Japan absolutely destroys the city of Nanking and this period becomes known as the Rape of Nanking.
Conflict resolution in Chinese societies is mainly based on Confucianism. The overriding principle of society is that the superior in a group is to be respected. When a conflict arises, Chinese will consider the nature of their relationship. Within a family structure, the superior should be obeyed, so a subordinating family member may have to be willing to sacrifice their own comfort or desire in order to maintain peace (Hwang, 1998). Sometimes a subordinating family member will simply change or forsake their original goal. In Chinese culture it is important for society to believe all is well in a family even if it is not (Hwang, 1998).
M. E. McGuinness (Eds.), Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict (pp. 293-320). New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
China’s ruling party at the time was the Kuomintang (KMT). They had toppled the Qing emperor, but they were unable to truly unite the country. In 1923, the KMT and the CCP briefly allied to defeat the warlords in Northern China, but this was not an alliance that we meant to last; the KMT leader Chia...
After millions of years under imperial rule in China, nationalist rebellions made the government unstable eventually making way for communist ideas. For over twenty years the nationalist struggled to keep democratic power in the country. The Xinhai revolution was a civil war between the nationalists and the communists. The Communists were led by Mao Zedong and they emerged victoriously. In September 1949, two good things happened. It was the celebration of the communist victory and the unveiling of the communist regime that would subsequently rule over China. Mao and his communist supporters had been fighting against a corrupt and abandoned Nationalist government in China. Mao denounced that those who opposed the communist government are imperialistic and domestic reactionaries. Mao also declared that communi...
In 589 AD China was reunited by the Sui and began to bring back the culture that was china. By 618 though the Sui resources were exahusted from reuniting china and they were replaced by the T'ang dynastry which brought china to new peaks of organizational stability , ecomonic and milllitary strenght, and cultural spendor.
Relation between china and Taiwan Introduction The current conflict between china and Taiwan originally began in 1949 when Chiang Kai-shek (President of Republic of China) and his followers fled to Taiwan after their defeat by the Chinese communist party (led by Moa Tse-Tung) in the Chinese civil war, which erupted immediately after the Second World War. In 1950, the Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and invaded Taiwan, to unify all of China under their rule. Their plan failed, when the United States sent naval forces to defend Taiwan. Since then, both countries have existed in neither a state of complete independence nor integration of neither war nor peace.
Engagement in peaceful and violent interactions, as well as the conflicts consequent from the, has changed greatly in the modern world. With the vast advancement in technology, our ability to communicate over long distances with various media devices has improved the ability to conduct peaceful conversations. This in itself decreases the chances of violence as all party members involved in a conflict of some sort are able to access and correspond with one another, if they so choose, without jumping the gun and heading straight into a violent solution. However, weapon technology develops simultaneously with modern technology, resulting in extreme weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons and the fact that these weapons are so easily accessible enables violent interactions. Both the “Conflict Resolution” and “Nonviolence” paradigms have not been able to keep up with the development of modern technology and are therefore not applicable in some instances. While the “Conflict Resolution” paradigm maintains its applicability for most situations, the “Nonviolence” paradigm becomes obsolete in regards to the nuclear weapons that play such a large role in modern day conflicts. Nevertheless, both paradigms are useful tools in international peacemaking – methods such as negotiation from the “Conflict Resolution” paradigm are independent from the type of conflict involved. Similarly, the “Nonviolence” paradigm has methods e.g. the creation of peace movements, which are applicable to all conflicts regardless of their nature. This shows that while they might be limited in some aspects, the “Conflict Resolution” and “Nonviolence” paradigms are still useful in conflicts nowadays and contribute tools to international peacemaking even tho...
In order to have a better understanding about the conflict of Tiananmen and its influence on further American relations with People’s Republic of China, this paper gives a short background of the bilateral relations until 1990. Historically, the United States and China did not have good relations due to the political regime of China. In addition, China was not that developed economically to have trade or any kinds of relations with the US. According to some historical data, the first China-US negotiations at the ambassadorial level started on August 1, 1955. The bilateral relations of America and China consist of several stages. The first stage of the US-Chinese relations started in 1971 when both opened their doors to financial and economic ties. The trading volume of these countries stood at US$ 4...
Taiwan has a very long history with China in its early years of colonization, and since China gave Taiwan to Japan during the World War II, Taiwan formed an autonomous government and wanted to gain political autonomy from China. The problem considering the autonomy of Taiwan has been around for centuries. On one hand, Taiwanese people claim their land was separated from the Mainland China for a long time and should be reasonable to gain autonomy, while the Chinese government says that Taiwan is still an inseparable part of China and should maintain unified. Many of us are concerned whether Russia has the right to claim Crimea as one of its lands, and the problem between China and Taiwan is similar. There have been discussions in Asia about whether Taiwan has the right to be independent, which is to gain political independence from China, but settling this complicated dispute is not easy. If wrongfully put, the economy of both lands could be harmed, and the worst case would be war between the two lands. Taiwan has the right to be autonomous, but the fact could be that they shouldn’t be autonomous. Speaking from different angles, it would be best if Taiwan can maintain its current relationship with China, if not even closer relationship.