Difference Between Management And Contingency Viewpoint Of Management

The Systems viewpoint of management looks at all parts of the organization and how they interact to complete the organization’s goal. The parts of the organization are inputs, outputs, the transformation process – or the ways in which inputs are converted to outputs, and finally feedback in which the end users or elements of the environment that are impacted by the organization. The feedback is used to help determine what future outputs should be, and also what inputs are required to produce those outputs. Breaking down the production process into these four segments is one of the differences in this theory of management.

The Contingency viewpoint of management is one in which managers vary their approach and response to condition as they happen. This is not a “one size fits all” type of management, but rather may mean that managers use incentives to improve productivity on one case, but in another instance might reduce the amount of non-essential tasks of employees to help focus them on more highly

There are three approaches to this theory: quality control, quality assurance and Total Quality Management (TQM). Quality control tries to manage and reduce errors at each phase of production and quality assurance focuses on how workers can reduce defects by enhancing their performance of tasks. Total Quality Management incorporates both of these concepts as well as striving for continuous improvement, or small incremental changes to processes to improve quality and efficiency. It is similar to Systems management in that feedback from customers is vital in working to improve processes. Another facet of TQM is the use of benchmarking. Benchmarking compares the business to the best practices of competitors and tries to improve to meet and exceed the higher standard. The specific focus on quality and reduction of errors is what makes quality management different from the other two