System Boot Sequence
The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn it on. The following are the steps that a typical boot sequence involves. Of course this will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS, etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. Here is what generally happens when you turn on your system power:
1. The internal power supply turns on and initializes. The power supply takes some time until it can generate reliable power for the rest of the computer, and having it turn on prematurely could potentially lead to damage. Therefore, the chipset will generate a reset signal to the processor (the same as if you held the reset button down for a while on your case) until it receives the Power Good signal from the power supply.
2. When the reset button is released, the processor will be ready to start executing. When the processor first starts up, it is suffering from amnesia; there is nothing at all in the memory to execute. Of course processor makers know this will happen, so they pre-program the processor to always look at the same place in the system BIOS ROM for the start of the BIOS boot program. This is normally location FFFF0h, right at the end of the system memory. They put it there so that the size of the ROM can be changed without creating compatibility problems. Since there are only 16 bytes left from there to the end of conventional memory, this location just contains a "jump" instruction telling the processor where to go to find the real BIOS startup program.
3. The BIOS performs the power-on self test (POST). If there are any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert.
4. The BIOS looks for the video card. In particular, it looks for the video card's built in BIOS program and runs it. This BIOS is normally found at location C000h in memory. The system BIOS executes the video card BIOS, which initializes the video card. Most modern cards will display information on the screen about the video card. (This is why on a modern PC you usually see something on the screen about the video card before you see the messages from the system BIOS itself).
5. The BIOS then looks for other devices' ROMs to see if any of them have BIOSes.
article # 1 it gives you tips on what to do if your computer is not turning on. I learned that sometimes the USP and others are not plugged in the right way and sometimes people can trip over to make them unplug a little. My mom has a computer and her computer never turns on so she checks if her cords are plugged in properly and it turns on.
Graphics card – The role of the graphics card is that it is a piece of hardware that will control the picture that will be outputted to the computer monitor, it will control the picture quality and the speed that certain graphics based programs will run at. This means that the graphics card is important when it comes to the computer as without it there would be no picture at all or the picture quality would be very poor and bad. The importance of the graphics card is also so when you are creating and editing graphical images that the graphical edits render in quicker and this will speed up the process of creating and editing graphical images considerably.
used with IBM computers. It stood up in courts and now with a non IBM BIOS, the
it goes into an excited unstable state. It can become stable again by releasing the
When you first purchase a PC you will notice that almost every PC has a BIOS integrated in it and you usually are able to access it when you first boot it up. BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System and is a simple set of electronic instruction’s that a PC when it starts up. It is the third type of software a pc needs in order to function properly. The BIOS is basically the foundation that allows your computer hardware and software the ability to communicate with each other. BIOS is also generally stored in the motherboard of a PC and is usually stored on a rom chip which reassures that it cannot be damaged by errors such as disk failures. Typically during a BIOS startup it checks to see if the
Well, Before anything else, here is a few names of components that need to be known to not be completely lost. The CPU(Central Processing Unit) (It processes everything from basic instructions to complex functions.) (Techterms.com). The Hard drive (the location of all the computer’s folders, files, and information, saved magnetically so even if turned off it’ll all stay saved). The RAM (Random Access Memory) (The more RAM your computer has, the more data can be loaded from the hard drive into the RAM, which can effectively speed up your computer.)(Techterms.com), The OS (Operating System) (just what it sounds like, this is the system that works the computer, as in Windows, Linux, and Apple OS.) The Graphics card (helps the CPU by processing the graphics portion of what the CPU has to process). The Disk Drive( this is the CD,DVD, or Blu-Ray driver that is installed to use CD’s DVD’s and or Blu-Ray disks.) The last major term to know is the Motherboard ...
Operating systems are complex structures of information, or data, that is stored in programs, files, folders, and much more. Operating systems consist of software, which are bunches of programs. An operating system is the software that stores data and information that a user inputs. The processing of input occurs through the user entering information through the keyboard, also called “keying in information.” This precise definition provides background information to the fact that operating systems are composed of a central idea. Operating systems are the key element that allows someone to use a computer. This idea sparked the creation of the first operating system in the 1960’s by the General Motors Research Laboratories.
... VCPU only when the latter has been running for a certain amount of time.
System Database Module. The system database module is used to store the biometric templates of the enrolled users. 6
The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board as shown in figure 8. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, and connections to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.
“Also known as the logic board, main board, or computer board, the motherboard is the computer's main board and in most cases holds all CPU, memory, and I/O functions or has expansion slots for them”. (Kingston)
System units are commonly mistaken as the Central Processing unit (CPU). System units sometimes called “computer chassis”, “base units” or “Tower cases” however are simply the housing for the integral parts of a computer. System units usual house all components of a computer excluding the monitor, Keyboard and mouse. System Units are a very simple component of the computer because they do none of the actual computing. They are usually just a square or rectangular prism made of some type of plastic or metal that hold all of the vital parts of a computer in a secure manner. Other than that there is not much to be said about the system unit.
There are four types of memory. These are the RAM, ROM, EEPROM and the Bootstrap loader. The RAM, also known as Random Access Memory, is the temporary space where the processor places the data while it is being used. This allows the computer to find the information that is being requested quickly without having to search the hard drive space. Once the information has been processed, and stored onto a permanent storage device, it is cleared out of the RAM. The RAM also houses the operating system while in
A CPU has various discrete units to help it in these tasks for example there is an arithmetic and logic unit(ALU) that takes care of all the math and logical data comparisons that need to performed. A control register makes sure everything happens in the right sequence. The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the PC. All other components are either slotted into or soldered to this board.
The purpose of an operating system is to organize and control software so whatever device that’s being ran, can run smoothly with other applications, interact with different computers and users, and to keep up with new software (operating systems). For example, software updates on an I-Phone. If software doesn’t get updated, the phone may not be compatible with certain programs, applications, etc. Most computers need an operating system, such as regular computers, laptops, even cell phones. Anything that has constantly changing applications, hardware controls, and software will need an OS. How...