What exactly is a plastic and what are they made of? A plastic is a material made an extensive range of synthetic and semi-synthetic organic compounds. Typically, plastics are organic polymers with a high molecular mass, but usually contain other substances. (Susanfreinkel.com, 2016)
So what is a polymer? Polymers are substances which have a high molecular weight, are made up of a structural units called monomers and can be both naturally occurring and synthetic. These structural units, or monomers repeat themselves over and over in chains and bond covalently with one another to form a polymer. A monomer is an atom, or a small molecule which binds chemically to others to form a polymer. Monomers are typically made from petroleum extract or natural gases but can also be made from organic compounds such as wood, corn and wool. (Nobelprize.org, 2016) (emaze presentations, 2016)
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Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used medically in contact lenses and cataract replacements due to its refractive index, it is used industrially due to its strength and transparency and it is used because it is lightweight when compared to glass.
Medical uses of Poly(methyl methacrylate)
The first advantage of Pmma over other materials is medically. Pmma is used in many areas of the medical field; from dentistry to orthopaedics, Poly(methyl methacrylate) has revolutionised the way we all live.
Pmma is widely used today as an implant fixture due to its ability to fill gaps in cracks and create smooth surfaces for bones and ligaments to be placed in and to prevent unwanted motion.
Another medical use for pmma is in ophthalmology as Polymethylmethacrylate exhibits very good optical properties. Pmma transmits up to 93% of visible light, which is far superior to glass which only transmits circa 85% of light. (Koleva, M, 2016)
The refractive index of pmma is due to its crystalline, rather than amorphous
There are many different areas that can be looked at in attempting to find ways to reduce micro-leakage of composite fillings.
• Lowering freight costs because of the light weight of plastics. • Plastics can be shaped and made in different patterns hence advantageous for marketing and shipping. • Plastics are made from natural resources such as
... The advanced technology of surface modification in the biomedical sector have the ability to offer not an improvement in the tribological properties only but also to improve the clinical requirements prior and post implantation. Such properties includes cell growth and antibacterial effect.
The recycling process of plastic begins at the recycling department wherever it may be located. The plastics are categorized according to plastic type. Plastic is then separated by color, the plastic is sterilized then crushed and chopped into plastic flakes. The plastic flakes are then melted and stirred. As a result of the stirring and melting a thick liquid is produced. This thick liquid is processed and spun into fiber strands that could be used for making fleec...
Ceramics have high hardness and wear resistance, making them suitable for applications such as the articulating surfaces in joints and bone bonding surfaces in implants. Ceramics like alumina and zirconia are more appropriate to use in joint replacements and dentistry whereas hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate cements are useful for bone bonding applications which is assist with bone growth and implant integration with surrounding natural bone and tissues (http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=108).
The government wants to put a price on plastic bags 5-10 cents.While some agree with this movement other don’t. & the people who don’t wanna agree with it wanna get rid of plastic bags for good as a plastic bag ban. They have many reasons for why they don’t want plastic bags anymore but so do the people who want plastic bags & to add a fee for having them. We’re just giving our pure opinion of what we think about the movement, we are supporting why our opinions & telling how either the movements will affect us as a community negatively or positively.We both disagree therefore we will have to support what we say & why we say it with evidence from a source that will help us explain and persuade the government that this movement is either a good
Kevlar Aramid Fiber is a synthetic (man-made) material known as a Polymer. A polymer is a chain that is made up of many similar molecular groups, better known as ‘monomers’ that are bonded together. ‘Monomers’ are made up of fourteen Carbon atoms, two Nitrogen atoms, two Oxygen atoms and ten Hydrogen atoms. A single Kevlar polymer chain could possibly have anywhere from one to five million monomers bonded together.
Up to 300 people a week are believed to be injured when glasses are used as weapons in pub brawls.” (BBC, News, Society, Health) So polycarbonate is definitely solving a big safety issue. Glass used in bars is not the only problem, imagine if all the products used by kids that are now made of polycarbonate would be made of glass. Can you even picture a baby’s bottle feeder made out of glass? That would be extremely dangerous. Also other products that are now made out of polycarbonate made it a lot safer for them, like eyeglasses or cups. The qualities of PC are superior to glass in many aspects. Some of them are that polycarbonate is lighter and thinner and it provides UV protection. PC also beats glass in the eyeglasses category. Glasses with polycarbonate lenses were introduced when lightweight, impact-resistant lenses were requested. They are more effective than the glass ones because they are less likely to fracture. An important quality about polycarbonate is that in some cases it changed the way people live and their opportunities. For example, it made working and other different activities more comfortable. Since PC eyeglasses were requested, they became the standard “safety glasses, sports goggles and children's eyewear.”
Every year, an estimated 8 million tons of plastic waste enters our environment, severely polluting oceans, beaches, forests, and even the towns and cities we live in. In the ocean alone, it is believed that 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic pollutes the waters (“Plastic Statistics”, Ocean Crusaders).The majority of plastic pollution can be traced back to single-use items, such as grocery bags, bottles, and plastic packaging. According to United Nations Environment, “At the rate we are dumping items such as plastic bottles, bags and cups after a single use, by 2050 oceans will carry more plastic than fish…” (“UN Declares War on Ocean Plastic”, UN Environment). This pollution is a major problem and endangers not only the environment, but human
Since human recognize the material, biomaterials have had initial development. As early as 3500 BC, the ancient Egyptians used sutures made of cotton fiber or horse hair, and in 16th century gold plate was used to repair jaw bone and ceramic materials were used to make dedendum, and so on. With the development of medicine and materials science, especially the success of the research and development of new materials, such as the rapid development of polymer materials in the 1940s provides a great opportunity for the research and application of biomaterials. It could be said that in addition to the brain and most
The purpose of this experiment was to create a polymer by reacting a mixture of decanedioyl dichloride and dichloromethane with a mixture of water, 1,6-hexadiamine and sodium carbonate. Specifically, we created the polymer Nylon-6,10. Nylon-6,10 polymers are used in a vast majority of things we use in everyday life such as zippers, the bristles in brushes, and even car parts. This experiment was different from the industrial method of making nylon because that takes place at a much higher temperature. A polymer is a substance that has a structure made of similar or identical units bonded together. All polymerizations fall into two categories: step-growth and chain-growth (both of which we used to form our polymer). Step growth polymerization
The world population is living, working, and vacationing along the coasts. They are contributing to an unprecedented tide of plastic waste. Pollution is defined as the process that alters a substance or molecule on planet earth, the pollution is caused by the physical contact of an organic decaying particle with a clean particle in the same spot, at the time the two particles join together is when occurs pollution in which the environment is greatly altered. Too many, plastic is a modern day miracle, versatile, inexpensive and durable (Rochman 2014). To others, it is a scourge, a non-degradable pollutant that threatens to choke the global environment. Plastic pollution has led to the deaths of many animals, natural resources, and people (Rochman 2014). It is time to change America’s thinking and to learn from past mistakes.
Not solely will it aid current surgeons in effectively movement organs/other components, however it conjointly helps medical students follow their surgical skills. Now, medical specialty firms are ready to produce "ultra-realistic" 3D written organs and alternative components that nearly utterly mimic the feel and structure of actual body components. The plastic utilized in these components is created victimization many textures, shapes, colors, and degrees of durability. The relative ease in making these "parts" makes the follow quicker, cheaper, and globally accessible. Whether or not or not it's playing surgical process, removing tumors, or effecting a knee replacement, the existence of such materials exponentially expands the frontiers of medical analysis.
Everyone has heard a cashier one time or another mumble, “Paper or plastic?” as he put their groceries in a bag, but do shoppers know the effects of each vessel in which they carry their comestibles? There are many issues and benefits to both paper and plastic. The making and recycling of both paper and plastic bags can harm the environment. One must also look at the costs of making each bag. The convenience of each is also something to look at. Many people jump to conclusion that paper bags are better for the environment without knowing the facts. Since plastic bags are preferred by customers and plastic bags actually do not hurt the environment as much as paper ones do, consumers should feel at ease when choosing plastic.
These fragments absorb all the toxins that pollute waterways, contaminate soil, and sicken animals (which are then consumed). Plastic trash also absorbs organic pollutants such as BPA. They take centuries to decompose while sitting in landfills, amounting to billions of environmentally poisonous time bombs. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound used to create polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics are found in a wide range of products, but food and drink containers are the most concerning.