Nerve Cell And Nerve Cells Essay

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Living organisms are composed of various cells, which are specialised to carry out different functions. Nerve cells and liver cells are two important groups of cells as they are essential building blocks of the nervous and digestive system. Both the liver cells and the nerve cells initially start off as totipotent cells (stem cells) however due to gene expression they specialise to carry out their different functions. The nerve cell is adapted to cell impulses across the body liver cell is adapted for the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and detoxification. Liver cells do not have the same biochemical functions as nerve cells, although they have the same set of gene …show more content…

Organelles such as mitochondria must be present to provide energy through aerobic respiration, in order for ions to move against concentration gradient.
The structure of both cells are hugely different as they both have to carry out different functions. Nerve cells are composed of axons, dendrites, soma, cell body and Schwann cells. The nerve cell must carry impulses across the body, Schwann cells (a lipid based structure which stops conduction) provides electrical insulation so depolarisation will happen at node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier. Liver cells do not have dendrites or an axon as they don’t need it for its …show more content…

Every cell in the human body contains nucleus with the same set of genes, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are enclosed in a cell membrane. Despite that fact, liver cells do not have a lot in common with nerve cells in appearance and function. This could be explained by cell differentiation. Differentiation is a process of cell specialisation that initiates with the instalment of a gene program, precise determination is specific for the individual cell. The development of cell differentiation includes the expression of specific genes, which control the biochemical functions linked with the cell type and that distinguishes the specialised cells (MacCorkle and Tan,2005). Gene expression is the realisation of hereditary information via transcription and translation. It is controlled by different complicated mechanisms. The changes in the process of development from childhood to adulthood are result of the programmed switching off and on of different genes. Even in adulthood some cells undergo differentiation, e.g. erythrocytes (red blood cells). Although the somatic cells of an organism have the same set of genes, in cells with different morphology and function (liver, nerve cells) is expressed small and different part of the common

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