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treatment for breast cancer essay
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Symptoms and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and has the highest fatality rate of all cancers affecting this sex. It is the leading cause of death among women aged 35-54. In 1999 an estimated 175,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. That is one woman every three minutes. At the same time 43,000 will die, at the rate of one every two minutes. The incidence of men diagnosed with breast cancer is rare, however it does occur. Approximately 1,300 men a year are diagnosed, and 400 die annually due to the disease. A total of 75% of all breast cancers occur in women with no known risk factors. 80% of breast cancers occur in women aged 50 and up. The mortality rate would decrease if every woman over 50 was informed and followed guidelines. When confined to the breast, the survival rate is 95%. Studies have shown that more white women than black women get breast cancer, however more black women die of breast cancer because they are not diagnosed at an early stage.
Most breast cancers appear as a slowly growing, painless mass, though a vague discomfort may be present. Physical signs include a retracted nipple, bleeding from the nipple, distorted areola or breast contour, skin dimpling over the lesion, attachment of the mass to surrounding tissues including the underlying fascia and overlying skin, and enlarged lymph nodes. In most advanced stages of the disease the skin nodules with ultimate breakdown and ulcer formation may be seen. Metastases should be sought immediately so that further spread will not be a factor. Among the common sites of metastases are the lungs and pleura, the skeleton (specifically the spine, pelvis, and skull), and the liver. Whenever possible, distan...
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...reatest use in palliation of symptoms or in delaying the advancement of breast cancer. It is most often combined with radiotherapy when cancer recurs following a mastectomy and when the tumour is so advanced that surgery is not indicated or is palliative. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is useful in patients that have a high risk of developing recurrent cancer after a mastectomy.. Chemotherapy is used in the management of patients with recurrent breast cancer usually after the failure of previous hormonal manipulations. A variety of chemotherapeutic agents are used in various combinations, sometimes with a corticosteroid to suppress endogenous adrenal function or with the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen. The agents in chemotherapy have demonstrated value in halting or delaying the appearance of metastases, especially in premenopausal patients, and in treating recurrences.
Breast cancer is only one of 200 different types of cancer. It is considered a woman’s disease but both men and women have the disease. Every year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. Twelve percent of all women will get the disease and 3.5% of them will die. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who are 40 to 55 years old.
Over the past decade breast cancer has become one of the most predominant diseases in the United States. Breast cancer starts out as a malignant tumor in the tissues of the breast which is formed from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but it can also appear in men. (Stephan, 2010)
Tang, S. -., Parker, H., Winterbottom, L., Hassell, K., Ellis, I. O., Morgan, D. A. L., & Cheung, K. L. (2011). Early primary breast cancer in the elderly - pattern of presentation and treatment. Surgical Oncology, 20(1), 7-12. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2009.07.004
Breast Cancer is a disease that can sometime lead to ovarian cancer and has caused a lot of women’s death. “About five to ten percent of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, meaning that they result from gene defects called mutations inherited from a parent”. Related Risks early menstruation, oral contraceptives and child bearing 20 percent. (1)An environmental risk is that toxins can damage breast DNA. Over time damaged DNA can lead to cancer. Your risk of developing breast cancer increases as you get older. “1 of 8 breast cancer are found when women are younger than 45. 2 of 3 breast cancer are found in women age 55 years or older 75 percent greater chance”.(1) Breast Cancer can lead Peutz Jeghers syndrome the effects of Peutz Jeghgers is spots on your lips and in their mouths. Women with no children or who had a child after age 30 have slightly higher breast cancer risk. “Screening for breast cancer is early diagnosis increases chance of survival and annual mammogram after age 40”. Women who took Diethylstilbestrol while pregnant could have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer. Birth control peals also cause higher risks 40 to 50 percent for breast cancer risk calms down after they have stopped taking them.(1) Using combined hormone therapy after menopause increase the risk of getting breast cancer , it also increase women chances of dying from it. If you are over weight or obese after menopause greatly increase breast cancer risk 20 percent. Drinking alcohol can cause a major effect for you to start developing breast cancer the risk increase the more you drink. Tobacco smoke, Night work, Antiperspirants, Bras and Induced abortion. Breast cancer takes a lot of toll on women and men of all races and...
Some risk factors cannot be changed such as age, race, and gender. A person 's risk increases as they get older. Approximately 1 out of 8 women are at risk of developing breast cancer are younger than 55. Approximately 2 out of 3 women are at risk of developing breast cancer who are older than 55 (American Cancer Society, 2014). To decrease this rate, women need more timely follow ups and access to high quality treatments (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Men can develop breast cancer, but this disease is more common among women than men. (American Cancer Society, 2015).
Studies have shown that in the United States alone, around 192,370 new cases of breast cancer will occur in one year. An estimated 40,170 women die from breast cancer each year. Breast cancer also affects men, 1,910 men will be diagnosed and 440 men will die of breast cancer. This year, one in eight women will be affected by breast cancer (Who Gets Breast Cancer).
Michaud, L. B. (May 15, 2008). Treatment-experienced breast cancer.(SYMPOSIUM)(Clinical report).American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 65, 10. p.S4(6). Retrieved from Academic OneFile
Clark, Amy S., et al. “Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Breast Cancer.” Journal of Nuclear
Breast cancer is a malignant growth of tissue (tumor) in the breast. Unlike noncancerous (benign) tumors, malignant tumors are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of female breast cancer begins in the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma). Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women.
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. The signs of breast cancer might include a change in the breast size, dimpling of the skin on your body, a lump in the breast, fluid coming from the breast nipple, or ever red patchy skin around the breast. When the breast cancer spreading, there might be swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, yellow skin or bone aches. Women in the U.S. have a 1 in 8 chance of evolving an aggressive form of breast cancer during their lifetime. When breast cancer is aggressive, it starts in the breast glands but grows into breast tissue. There are many treatments of breast cancer, there is no cure found yet. However they are effective treatments out there to handle breast cancer patients. Breast cancer treatments will depend on what type of breast cancer you have developed, also where your cancer has spread. The breast cancer patient would work with their doctor to come up with a plan that 's best for them to improve their health. There is two types of aggressive cancer, one is the ductal carcinoma. This is the most type of cancer a lot of breast cancer patients have, making up about 80%. Cancer cells start in a milk canal, break through the walls, and invade breast tissue. It can continue constrained, which mean that it stays around where the tumor was first started. On the other hand cancer cells may spread anywhere in the body. Invasive lobular carcinoma is about 10% of aggressive breast cancers. Dealing with ILC most women feel a thickening around or in their breast instead of a lump in their breast. Sadly some women might have signs of the combination of both. These are most asked questions with dealing with aggressive cancer. Like what upsurges the...
The two most common treatments are a mastectomy, which is the surgery that removes one or both breasts, the other treatment. The other most common treatment is a lumpectomy this is where the surgeons remove the tumor and other areas around it to make sure the cancer is gone. There are other treatments such as Chemotherapy regimen, Chemotherapy ensures that all cancer cells are dead. Although the Chemotherapy has side-effects including the loss of hair and being very sick. Chemo acts as a poison to ensure all of the cancer cells in the breast are wiped out. Other treatments such as Anastrozole, Trastuzumab, Cyclophosphamide, Zoledronic acid, Letrozole, and Exemestane, aren’t as common but are still put in use to treat breast
Almost 1 in 8 women in the United States will get breast cancer and for men, it is about 1%. The causes of breast cancer is unknown. Some risk factors for women with breast cancer are a past history of family members having breast cancer, doing hormone therapy, or having dense breast tissue. Some symptoms of this disease include a small bump on breast or armpit and thickening or inflammation of the breast. In treating breast cancer, surgery and radiation may weaken or destroy cancer cells. If the cancer is not dangerous then the surgeons will only take out the tumor but if it is really dangerous then they will take out the entire
According to the Oncology Nursing Society, “Breast cancer is the second most prevalent type of cancer in the world, with more than one million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed every year.” Breast cancer can arise from two components, the breast lobules or the ducts. The ducts are defined as milk passages that connect the lobules and the nipple. The lobule is the milk producing gland within the breast. Breast cancers may be located within the duct, or protrude through the duct wall. Breast cancer can be categorized by pathology: noninvasive and invasive, ductal and lobular. Inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive and fast growing cancer involving the lymphatic system. As the disease progresses, lymph channels within the skin become blocked
There are many options for treating breast cancer such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, bone-directed therapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy is a treatment where doctors give you drugs to kill the cancer cells. You can either do this by injection or take it by mouth. Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses high energy particles in order to kill cancer cells. It is usually given after surgery to lower the rates of the cancer returning. Hormone therapy is used to lower estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that helps the growth of cancer cells. Bone- directed therapy. Bone-therapy helps lower the pain in bones if that is where the cancer spreads. Bone-therapy uses bisphosphonates and
Historically speaking breast cancer has been around for hundreds of years. Thankfully the treatment has improved. Patients who get the cancer removed and take care of themselves after, for example, by exercising and eating healthy, will live longer. There are many risks that increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer, for instance, age, family history, and race. A women who made history with breast cancer was Betty Ford, Betty was one of the first lady’s to speak openly about her disease. Betty encouraged women who have been affected with the disease to go to their doctor as soon as possible and told women who had shared that they didn’t have breast cancer to do self breast exams regularly and get mammograms. She also said when women get diagnosed with it don’t be embarrassed. Treatments in the past were pretty good and quite the same compared to the treatments given to people now, for instance, mastectomy’s which was the primary...