Complete means when a fracture is completely though the bone. A communited fracture is when the broken bone has shattered into numerous smaller pieces. Intertrochanteric is when a fracture is located between the greater trochanter and lesser trochanter of the femur.
Question 2
Draw a picture of what you think Margaret’s fracture looks like.
Question 3
The radiologist reported signs of osteoporosis. Describe the characteristics of an osteoporotic femur as seen on an X-ray. (How does it differ in appearance from a normal femur?)
Osteoporosis is noticeable when there is a decrease in bone volume. The changes in the osteoporotic femur include:
- The outer layer of compact bone around the epiphyses thinning
- The bony collar around the
…show more content…
The tough compact bone is not needed in the middle therefore compressive and tearing forces cancel each other out mid-way through the bone.
Question 5
Describe the microscopic features of osseous tissue that help long bones withstand compressive forces without breaking.
The bony collar of long bones is the one that is designed to help support the weight of the body and withstand compressive stress.
Epiphysis, is spherical in shape and is located at both the distal and proximal end of a long bone. It consists of an irregular latticework of needle-like threads of bone called trabeculae. Therefore, the spongy bone in the epiphyses help to withstand compressive forces. It passes on strength to a bone by adding minimum weight. The trabeculae also helps to develop the weight of the body out of the bony collar of the diaphysis.
Question 6
Surgeons performed an open reduction of Margaret’s fracture, immobilising the bones with internal pins.
Describe the changes a fractured bone undergoes as it is healing.
Healing process
…show more content…
A number of outcomes can occur including infections in the respiratory system, possibly a further loss of bone volume, bedsores can develop or even thrombophlebitis. An important point is a prolonged bedrest results in having less stress put on the skeleton- meaning there would be a loss of bone mass.
Question 8
What risk factors does Margaret have for osteoporosis?
Margaret has several risk factors for osteoporosis:
This includes:
- The lifestyle factor: smoking
- Low levels of physical activity, because she is not placing much stress on her skeleton
- She could possibly have a low calcium intake and low vitamin D levels
- The fact she is an elderly women; as women are at a greater risk of developing osteoporosis because of the rapid decline in oestrogen levels during menopause.
Question 9
What parts of the skeleton (i.e. what bones) are most vulnerable to the ravages of osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis weakens mostly bones with a large percentage of spongy bone. The parts of the skeleton which are most vulnerable to osteoporosis are:
- The vertebrae
- A major bone that is frequently fractured is the proximal femur due to
Osteoporosis comes from the latin word meaning “porous bone”. If you were to look closely at a bone you could see there are these small spaces on the bone which is good, now if you look at someone who suffers from osteoporosis you will see these spaces are much larger. As these spaces become larger it takes away from the strength and integrity of the bone making it grow weak and thin. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 and gives them a higher risk of fractures and or breaks especially common in the hips. While we know osteoporosis comes from a number of things it can be broken down to age, the hormonal changes most commonly seen in menopause and a lower intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Age is the unpreventable factor that doctors or you cannot change. Hormonal changes can be fixed with supplements or hormone therapy along with ones intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Hormone therapy, estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen and progestin have been proven to prevent and aide in the treatment of osteoporosis in
As the matrix hardens, it forms lamella, a tube of the solidified bone matrix, which forms the lamellar bone. Essentially, lamellar bone is lamellae with collagen fibers surrounding each lamella. It is important to know that collagen fibers on one layer, run parallel to the collagen fibers on another layer. For this reason, lamellar bone is very tough. The lamellar bone is located on both sides of the spongy bone and thickens around the trabeculae. The blood vessels are still situated within the spongy bone and form the red marrow. If a lamellae form around a blood vessel, it creates an osteon with a central canal where the blood vessel is
Osteoporosis may be described in many ways. Which of the following accurately characterizes osteoporosis? More than one may apply.
C. As the body of calcaneum progresses proximally and lateral, it causes the superolateral fragment to rotate medially and to impact into spongy calcaneous bone which sweeps out the sheared off lateral wall fragment and results in commounited fragments impinging into the peronal tendon space against fibula.
There are many different diseases that can affect our skeletal system and Osteoporosis is one of them. Osteoporosis lessens bone strength and bone density (amount of bone mineral in bone tissue), which will lead to fragile bones. It mainly affect the hips, ribs, spine, and wrists. Male or female, at any age, can get this but it is mostly occurs in older women (Team, 2016). Osteoporosis is very common, there are more than 3 million cases a year. There are many causes/risk factors, symptoms, and some treatment cases. About 54 million Americans have Osteoporosis and low bone mass (Foundation, 2016).
This type of joint mainly includes long bones as it’s necessary for movement in the skeletal
What risk factors does Margaret have for osteoporosis? The risk factors that Margaret has is that she has been smoking for over 30 years which can cause many complication with her health such as respiratory issue and an increase chance of having cancer. She is an 72 year old women of caucasian women who is living a sedentary lifestyle so due to the lack of activity in her daily activity can lead to the stress on her bones and be prone to get more fractures.
The remarkable strength of the bones in this system provides protection for the vulnerable organs in the body.
Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.
Osteoporosis is a condition, in which bones are weak from deterioration, loss of bone mass, and quality bone strength. Osteoporosis usually triggers postmenopausal women (women who have not had their period for a whole year), or older men and women. Some risks both older men and women endure when experiencing osteoporosis are decreased calcium and bone fractures. These symptoms or effects can all be caused by weight loss, smoking, age, ethnicity, genetics, medications, bone structure, and certain diseases that can later on contribute to osteoporosis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporosis may be prevented by going to drug therapy to stop alcoholism and smoking, a sufficient amount of calcium intake, and exercising such as jogging, walking, and aerobics.
Management and prevention of osteoporosis is usually easier to maintain when a person is diagnosed early. The recommendation that women approaching ages in which osteoporosis is becoming a concern whether it is due to a person’s family history or they
Women are at a higher threat of developing osteoporosis when their ovaries discontinue producing estrogen. This is due to the fact that estrogen supports maintaining proper calcium levels in bones. “A collapse of bony vertebrae of the spinal column results in loss of height and stooped posture. Hip fractures are a common occurrence.”
Norvell, J. G. (2013, June 11). Tibia and Fibula Fracture Clinical Presentation. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826304-clinical
The skeletal system is composed of two hundred and six bones in the human body. Functions such as the tendons, cartilage, and ligaments connect the bones and tissues together. Bone tissues make up about 18% of the weight of the human body. There are two types of tissue inside the bones. They consist of; compact bone and spongy bone. First, compact bone depicts the main shaft of long bones in the human body such as the arms and legs. Its tissue is dense and hard and it also makes up the outer layer of most bones in our body. Meanwhile, spongy bone tissue is made up of smaller plates occupied with red bone marrow. Mostly, it is found at the ends of long bones such as the head of the femur.
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.