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Human papilloma family virus
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If infants 6 weeks or younger have signs of oral herpes, their pediatrician needs to be notified. The complications of herpes simplex virus 1 in infants are greater. The herpes in infants may not just stay around or on the mouth but may travel to the brain and cause severe damage. Infants most often get the virus from skin to skin contact with an adult who has HSV I. This can be by an adult pinching the cheek of a baby or by rubbing lotion on the baby. Any skin to skin contact can give the baby the virus. The signs and symptoms of a baby who has HSV I are also blisters or sore around the mouth, dehydration or lack of urination. Lack of urination is an indicator because if the baby is dehydrated, it is probably because its lymph nodes or throat is swollen or tender.
Treatment and Prevention
Although there is no cure for HSV I, there is medication that can shorten outbreaks or prevent them altogether. This is because after the first initial outbreak, the virus moves from the skin cells to the nerve cells. The nerve cells are where the virus will host itself and stay there forever. The virus will remain "asleep" meaning it is still there but will not show itself to be present. Things that can "awaken" the virus, causing an outbreak, are stress, sickness, fever, sun exposure and surgery. Some topical treatments for HSV I are Denavir, Zovirax, Abreva and some other medications. Majority of these topical medications for herpes (cold sore and fever blisters) may only be prescribed by a doctor. The only medication that can be bought for treatment at a drug-store is Abreva. These medications need to be put on top of the sore multiple times a day and usually heal in a matter of days. If someone was having an outbreak and did not want to use...
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... and samples of the sores sent to the laboratory. The physician can then determine whether or not a person will need ongoing medications. For HSV I, the medications are only used during outbreaks to reduce the period of the outbreak and for HSV II, it depends on the cases and whether the physician determines if the individual will need to be on medication at all times or just during outbreaks.
All in all, because of new sex practices, the rates of the both of these strains of the herpes simplex virus will continue to rise. It is important to get the virus treated if the person knows that they are positive for the virus and to advise their sexual partner. It is also important for individuals to be aware of who they are sharing drinks with, sharing chapstick with, and who they are kissing and to recognize these sores so they reduce their risk of contracting the virus.
Patients must exhibit 4 for the following: “malar rash, discoid rash on the cheeks, photosensitivity to sunlight, painless mucocutaneous ulcers, nonerosive arthritis of at least two joints, renal dysfunction evidenced as proteinuria or cellular casts, positive serum ANA, neurologic disorder such as seizures or psychosis, serositis as evidenced by pleuritis or pericarditis, hematologic disorders, and immunologic disorders” (Robinson, Sheets Cook, and Currie, p. 632). A patient that does not have four of the qualifying criteria for SLE will be labeled “incomplete” or “latent” SLE (Bernknopf, Rowley, & Bailey,
Treatment: Chemotherapy is on treatment method. Most infected people benefit from the treatments. To of the best drugs for treatment are Praziquantel and Oxamniquine. The side effects are mild and transient, some of then are as followed:
and ears, and in the mouth and pharynx. The causative virus has been shown to be
Herpes Zoster (HZ), or Shingles, is a cutaneous disease, characterized by a unilateral, dermatomal, and often painful vesicular rash. Following the primary infection of varicella zoster virus (VZV), the virus remains latent in the dorsal or cranial sensory ganglia. The outbreak typically results from reactivation of latent VZV.1 Herpes zoster (HZ) arises years or decades after primary infection with VZV, which is known in clinical settings as varicella and, in many instances, as chicken pox.1 HZ is primarily a disease in older adults or individuals with a weakened immune system. VZV is responsible for an estimated four cases of herpes zoster infection per one thousand people per year, with approximately 50% of these cases affecting patients at least 50 years old.1, 2 The number of incidences tends to increase proportionally with advancing age. Approximately 10-20% of the United States population will develop HZ, and about 50% are predicted to develop HZ in their life by the time they are 85.1, 2 Even though the number of people in the United States who get chickenpox each year has declined dramatically due to vaccinations, clinicians need to be educated about preventative strategies along with the current treatment options. This paper addresses correlating signs and symptoms of HZ, as well as existing treatments of acute HZ and post-herpetic neuralgia. It outlines current treatment strategies, along with deficiency of newest drugs and procedure implementations.
...ell wall synthesis (8). Individuals who are allergic to Penicillin can be treated with alternative oral antibiotics such as Tetracycline or Doxycycline (3). These antibiotics work by inhibiting protein synthesis (8). During the course of treatment the individual should abstain from sexual contact with their partner until there are no sign and symptoms of the disease or confirmation of a negative blood work. Also individuals should be annually tested and receive necessary treatment if needed to reduce the risk of infecting others (6). Syphilis can be prevented in many ways. First and foremost is by being in a mutually monogamous relationship, the correct use of latex condoms if you are not in a monogamous relationship, also by providing education about the damages the disease can cause and how it can be prevented by not spreading the disease with one another (6).
Herpes Simplex is a common virus that causes infection in humans. This virus is spread in both humans and animals. However, humans are the primary reservoirs for HSV and are the only ones that experience any symptoms. There are two types of Herpes Simplex known as HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes while HSV-2 causes genital herpes.1 This virus is easily contracted and often during one’s childhood. Unfortunately, this virus is latent and reoccurs every so often, more so during times of stress. Herpes Simplex is a mild infection for most, however, this virus can lead to many serious complications.
There are some simple blood tests (secondary prevention) such as Hepatitis B Surface Antigen, and (HBSAG), and Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBSAB) to find out if you have been infected. There is a safe and effective vaccine such as vaccine interferon alpha, recommended for newborns, infants, and teens, provides immunity for at least five years. In addition to vaccination (primary prevention), there are other simple ways to stop the spread of Hepatitis B. These are a few examples: first avoid direct contact with blood and bodily fluids, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after any potential exposure to blood. You also need to discard soiled items carefully into bags, avoid sharing items such as razors, nail clippers, toothbrushes, and earrings or body rings. In my opinion the most important prevention is to practice safe sex, and making sure new or sterile...
This article aimed to evaluate sofosbuvir and GS-0938 antiviral activity and safety either in combined usage of the drugs or alone. Five groups of HCV genotype 1 patients underwent randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study from July 2010 to February 2011. The first two cohorts were subjected to treatment as such 14 days of GS-0938 and seven days of GS-0938 continued by seven days of combined GS-0938 and sofosbuvir treatment. The third and fourth group received seven days of sofosbuvir followed by combined sofo...
Acute HBV infection is the most common type of infection in low endemic countries. The incubation period, from transmission to clearness, ranges from 40-180 days. The infection is either symptomatic or asymptomatic/ fulminant hepatitis. Children under the age of 5 years rarely experience symptomatic infection (10%), where’s about 30-40% infected adults and children above age 5 experience a symptomatic infection with yellowing of skin and teeth, vomiting, fatigue, laxity and abdominal pain [1].
...tis B infections last longer and require anti-viral treatments. Some of the drugs used to treat hepatitis B are Interferon Alpha, Lamivudine, and Adefovir Dipivoxil.
His positive result of nasopharyngeal aspirate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) indicates that Liam has acute bronchiolitis, which is a viral infection (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). “Bronchiolitis is the most common reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It describes a clinical syndrome of cough tachypnoea, feeding difficulties and respiratory crackles in chest auscultation” (Fitzgerald, 2011, p.160). Bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress and desaturation (91% in the room air) due to airway blockage; therefore the infant appears to have nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and tachypnoea (54 breathes/min) during breathing (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Tachycardia (152 beats/min) could occur due to hypoxemia and compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure (74/46mmHg) (Fitzgerald, 2011; Glasper & Richardson, 2010).
Patient education is of paramount importance if MRSA is to be reduced to its lowest minimum. According to Noble 2009, patient’s education stands a critical component of managing MRSA therefore; nurses are expected to be prompt in educating patients on specific measures in limiting and reducing the spread of MRSA by person to person contact. (Noble, 2009) The specific measures includes definition of MRSA, mode of transmission, the damage it can do to the body, specific treatments available and the process of treatment. This is to help the patient take part in the care. Noble 2009 explains that during care giving nurses and all other healthcare provider involve in giving care to a patient should communicate to patient all the precaution that will prevent the transmission of MRSA, and also giving the scientific rationale for the use of any precaution that is been used in the cause of care giving. (Noble, 2009.)
Measles Measles is a highly contagious disease. It is caused by an RNA virus that changes constantly. Measles symptoms usually include a bad cough, sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and a very high fever. Red patches with white grain like centers appear along the gum line in the mouth two to four days after the first symptoms show. These patches are called Koplik spots because Henry Koplick first noticed them in 1896.
Thrush, also called oral candidiasis, is a fungal infection that develops in the mouth. It causes white patches to form in the mouth, often on the tongue. If your baby has thrush, he or she may feel soreness in and around the mouth.