Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Explain Speech and Language disorders.
introduction about stuttering
introduction about stuttering
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Explain Speech and Language disorders.
Have you ever thought about how we talk and what causes us to say those words the way we say them? Well a speech pathologist does. Their entire job focuses on how and what causes people to speak the way they do. Most people have no problem with speaking but some do. There are several disorders in speech, one being stuttering. Most people do not understand the importance and the difficulty of learning how to cope with the disorder of stuttering. This speech disorder can affect numerous aspects in a patients’ life and can cause embarrassment, or even possibly lower some people’s self-confidence level; to some people stuttering isn’t just an aspect in their life, their life revolves around the disorder and trying to overcome it. When dealing with stuttering it takes identifying the disorder and making sure the patient is being affected by stuttering, also figuring out what will help the individual cope with the side effects of stuttering, and explaining the importance of overcoming this disorder in a stutterer’s daily life.
To be able to cope or overcome any disease or disorder one must first know what the problem is and what causes it. Stuttering is just one of several speech disorders; some disorders are detected at birth but some disorders can acquire as a result of possibly a stroke, an illness, or even a head injury. Stuttering is when a person has a normal fluency in speech and then a dysfluency occurs and can possibly cause the person to have a word or sentence repetition, or even cause interjections. According to Monique Laberge in her article, “Speech Disorder: An Overview”, there is still research to be done to fully understand stuttering.
The causes of stuttering are not very well understood. There is some evidence that ...
... middle of paper ...
...e Fluent in Their Speech.” Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders: Speech Disorders. Ed. Mary Williams Farmington Hills: Gale, 64-69. Print.
Dahm, Barbara. “Therapy For People Who Stutter Should Focus on Brain Functions Rather Than Speech.” .” Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders: Speech Disorders. Ed. Mary Williams Farmington Hills: Gale, 70-75. Print.
Laberge, Monique. “Speech Disorders: An Overview.” Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders: Speech Disorders. Ed. Mary Williams Farmington Hills: Gale, 16-25. Print.
The Stuttering Foundation. “Many People Who Stutter Have Successful Careers.” Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders: Speech Disorders. Ed. Mary Williams Farmington Hills: Gale, 201. 84-88. Print
Parry Williams. “People Who Stutter Face Discrimination.” Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders.Ed. Mary Williams. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2012. 76-83. Print
Compared to a model of normal communication, a child with Developmental Stuttering has a few noticeable communication impairments. The young man named Geoff who was presented in the case study has some difficulties concerning with his language. At thirteen years old, he had some noticeable issues within his model of communication that were abnormal for a teenage boy. In regards to articulation, the rapid and coordinated movement of the tongue, teeth, lips, and palate to produce speech sounds, Geoff reported that there “were certain words that he could not say without stuttering severely”. One of these words included “French”. He would use different words in order to avoid saying the words he would always stutter on, or just not use the particular word at all. This became a disadvantage for
The 1992 comedy crime film, My Cousin Vinny, written by Dale Launer and directed by Jonathon Lynn portrays the communication disorder known as stuttering. Stuttering is a fluency disorder in which the rhythm and flow of speech is disrupted and differs significantly from what is socially accepted as ‘normal’. Stuttering has proven to be one of the most common communication disorders portrayed in media and literature; however, the reason behind including a stutter (ranging from barely there to extremely excessive) in a character’s script tends to vary.
From the time Caroline began preschool she had a severe speech sound disorder. She had a lisp along with difficulty producing what she referred to as harsh sounds, such as the sound /r/. The lisp caused difficulty in producing /th/ which was produced in the form of /s/. The sounds that gave her the most trouble were the lingua-dental. There was extreme difficulty in the articulation of her tongue to produce the sounds, and in order to compensate for not being able to say the words properly she began to omit the sounds she could not produce. Her speech language pathologist explained to her that she had a lazy tongue. It was described to her that she did not know how to properly move her tongue in the specific ways to produce the specific sounds. When Caroline was asked what she thought had caused her speech disorder, she thought it was because she had a delay in her verbal abilities and poor mouth structure as her mouth was narrow, and teeth were very crooked. However, the underlying cause was not known.
Speech language pathology is another major rehabilitative medical care. Some stroke survivors area unit left with brain disorder, an impairment of language and speaking skills within which the stroke survivor will assume likewise as before the stroke, however is unable to induce the proper words out or is unable to method words coming back [32]. Brain disorder is sometimes caused by a stroke on the left aspect of the brain. Speech language pathology will teach the aphasic stroke survivor and his or her family members’ ways for dealing with this frustrating impairment. Speech language pathologists additionally work to assist the stroke survivor deal with blackout and alternative "thought" issues caused by the stroke [33].
Stuttering affects the fluency of speech. Stuttering is characterized by disruptions in speech sound productions, also known as a disfluency. Mostly, stuttering has a significant effect on some daily activities. Though some people have disfluency deficits only in certain situations. Some people limit their participations in different everyday activities because they are often embarrassed or sad about their situation and are concerned about how other's will react to stuttering. In stuttered speech repetitions of words or also of parts of words are included. Prolongations of speech sounds may also occur. It is a characteristic of some people who
Craig, A., Hancock, K., Tran, Y., & Craig, M. (2003). Anxiety levels in people who stutter: A randomized population study. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 46, 1197-1206.
I became inspired to become a speech-language pathologist when I first watched the film, Paulie. This film depicted a small girl, named Marie that had a speech impediment, which caused her to stutter. In order to improve Marie’s speech her mother would pronounce certain sounds and practice daily with her. While watching this film I began to realize that there is a number of individuals in our population that have different speech impairments. As I noticed how the character of Marie struggled with her speech impairment I sought to research the different treatments for individuals similar to Marie, and came across speech therapy and speech-language pathologists. I have always been fascinated by language and how it is essential in communication. I view speech-language pathologists as having a major role in helping
National Institute of Health. (2011). National Institute on Deafness and other communication disorders: Improving the lives of people who have communication disorders. National Institute on
Stuttering is a neurological disorder of communication, from which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by repetitions (neu-neu-neuro), prolongations (biiiii-ol-ooogy), or abnormal stoppages (no sound) of sounds and syllables. Rapid eye blinking, tremors of the lips and/or jaw, or other struggle behaviors of the face or upper body may accompany speech disruptions ((3)). Why does stuttering worsen in situations that involve speaking before a group of people or talking on the phone, whereas fluency of speech improves in situations such as whispering, acting, talking to pets, speaking alone, or singing ((1))? In ancient times, physicians believed that the stutterer's tongue was either too long or too short, too wet or too dry. Therefore, practitioners from the mid-1800s tried surgical remedies such as drilling holes into the skull or cutting pieces of the tongue out to eliminate stuttering ((1) ).
The role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is a challenging but imperative role to society. When there is pathology present in an individual’s communication, either language-based or speech-based, serious adverse effects can impact the quality and functionality of their lives. This is why I am perusing a career as an SLP. The ever-changing profession as an SLP allures me to the field because the learning never ends. As an academic, I am always prepared to absorb new information, and SLP’s must stay updated on the most current research, to ensure that they are providing the most appropriate services for their clients. Also, because every client is unique with diverse
"My most valuable tool is words, the words I can now use only with difficulty. My voice is debilitated - mute, a prisoner of a communication system damaged by a stroke that has robbed me of language," stated A. H. Raskins, one of approximately one million people in the United States who suffer from aphasia (1), a disorder which limits the comprehension and expression of language. It is an acquired impairment due to brain injury in the left cerebral hemisphere. The most common cause of aphasia is a stroke, but other causes are brain tumors, head injury, or other neuralgic illnesses. Of the estimated 400,000 strokes which occur a year, approximately 80,000 of those patients develop some form of aphasia (2). Another important observation is that within the United States, there are twice as many people with aphasia as there are individuals with Parkinson's disease (2). Yet, what is so astounding is the lack of public awareness about aphasia. Aphasia attacks an intricate part of a person's daily life - the simple act of communication and sharing. The disbursement of such a tool deprives an individual of education learned through their life, often leaving the ill fated feeling hopeless and alone. In considering the effects of aphasia, a deeper analysis of the two most common forms of aphasia will be examined: Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. While both forms occur usually as a result of a stroke in the left hemisphere of the brain, their particular site of impairment produces different side effects in an individual's comprehension and speech. These regions have been further studied through experimental researches such as positron emission tomography (PET). Moreover, although there is currently no cure for the disorder, there are treatments and certain guidelines to follow when encountering an aphasic.
Stutters occur when someone repeats a sound on accident. It usually occurs with the initial sounds in words. Stutters also start effecting people at a young age when children are first developing their language acquisition. Braunstein even shows research claiming that by getting therapy at a young age “resolved almost 80 percent of children, with less than 1 percent of adults being afflicted.” Therefore, the best way to prevent the issue becoming a bigger problem later on in their adult life is attack it at a young age. When going through therapy at a young age the brain is at the development stage able to adapt more quickly to the new strategies. It’s similar when someone is learning a new language. Neurologically, the student is able to adapt to the new language more quickly and effectively than an adult can. Dr. Maaseen explains more about the speech developments saying infants starting learning language by “babbling and sensomotoric learning, followed by more abstract phonological acquisitions...” while adults “already have acquired
There comes a time in our life when we know what we want to say, but it does not come out the way we thought it would. Such as being worried about reading out loud in class, going up to an employee in a fast food restaurant to order a simple meal, or making a presentation in class can be terrifying for most individuals with an articulation disorder. An articulation disorder consist of having difficulties producing sounds, substituting sounds, leaving out letters in a word, or adding or changing letters in a word. In most cases when individuals have trouble articulating words he/she might have problems with the main articulators which include: the jaw, lips, teeth, tongue, velum, alveolar ridge, and hard/soft palate. These articulators play
...ic heritability studies revealed that there is a very strong heritability factor as the cause of stuttering. Moreover, current research is trying to find specific genes responsible for stuttering however no clear results could be obtained yet. The studies indicated that the influence of heritability can be up to 85% and led researchers to find out the remaining. Parental factors, unique life-events and learning factors are found to be important especially by developmental stuttering and that they may affect the individuals through their life time. As it can be understood from these studies, it is now generally accepted that fluency is a multidimensional skill reflecting a complex coordination of many extrinsic and intrinsic factors (Karrass et al., 2006). That is why; it also becomes important to focus on many different aspects during the treatment of the stutters.
It is an impairment of the production of the way the speaker produces sounds which can be caused by motor movements (Preston, Hull, & Edwards, 2013). Difficulty in articulating proper language within the speaker may be caused by vocal folds, lip, tongue, and teeth movement. Phonological disorders deals with the way a person performs the sounds based on the phonetics rules of the language. Articulation and phonological disorders are classified under developmental speech disorders. Children are the primary subjects of the research that deals with articulation and phonological disorders as language is developed and practiced during a young age. The types of treatments that are given to people who are effected by an articulation or phonological disorder can be advised by a speech-language pathologist. Speech-language pathologist aid patients in assessing how critical the disorder is effecting communication and teach the patient to pronounce sounds that would be understandable towards others. (Gillam, Marquardt, & Martin,