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Elements of stress management
Causes and consequences of stress
The impact of stress in people's lives
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Recommended: Elements of stress management
Everyone has felt the weight of the world coming down on them at some point in their life. Whether they knew it or not this is a symptom of suffering from stress. Throughout this paper I will be discussing stress factors, types of stress, stress disorders and ultimately how to cope with stress. Stress can result in psychological, physiological, and sociological effects. By definition, stress is any uncomfortable "emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes.”(Baum 1990)
There are three levels of stress; acute, episodic, and chronic. The most common type of stress in called acute stress. These are short period events that are often caused by a psychological disturbance lasting up to one month. They are the long list of errands to complete, the dent on your brand new car, your child not behaving in school and so on. Most people can recognize the acute stress symptoms and are easily diffused since they do not cause any long term damage. Acute stress can often be episodic. These are stresses that occur and are managed then arise again.
Chronic stress is claimed to be the most dangerous. Research shows that chronic stress can contribute to the development of major illnesses, such as heart disease, depression and obesity. (Baum 1990) Chronic stress usually stems from exposure to traumatic events, and painful childhood experiences. Exposure to stress factors of chronic stress can affect a person’s behavior, beliefs and activities. Chronic stresses are not easily diffused and normally require outside help such as therapy groups, one on one therapist sessions, and psychiatrists. An article from American Psychological Association written by Lyle H. Miller, PhD, and Alma Dell Smith, PhD...
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... alone or there is no way they will get better. Not everyone knows about stress and the effects it can cause. If we educate individuals about this topic people have a better chance at helping themselves and help others. We look for the future progression of the human race.
References
Baum, A. (1990). "Stress, Intrusive Imagery, and Chronic Distress," Health Psychology, Vol. 6, pp. 653-675. Retrieved from www.apa.org
Miller H. Lyle, PhD. (2014). “Stress” retrieved from www.apa.org
Goldberg. Joseph, MD (2014). “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” Retrieved from www.Webmd.com
Larson Karen, M.D., Stanley J. Swierzewski, III, M.D. (2007). “Overview of Stress” Retrieved from www.Healthcommunities.com
Veterans Affairs. (2014). “PTSD” Retrieved from www.ptsd.va.gov
Coon Denis, John O. Mitterer (2013). “Health, Stress, and Coping” Introduction to Psychology, pp. 469.
Therefore, prolonged stress included adverse psychological and physical health effects as well as the increased risk of premature death (Denollet, J., et al.
Claar, R. L., & Blumenthal J. A. (2003). The value of stress-management interventions in life-
Liddle, H A., Rowe, C L., Dakof, G A., Henderson, C E., Greenbaum, P E.; (Feb, 2009). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; Vol 77(1); 12-25. Doi: 10.1177/0306624X10366960
Horwitz, Allan. (2010). How an Age of Anxiety Became an Age of Depression. , 88(1), p112-138.
Lupien, S., McEwen, B., Gunnar, M., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behavior and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 434--445.
Stress once served as a lifesaving response to threatening events such as being hunted by a predator or hunting prey. The stress response helped our ancestors survive and stress provide important benefits, muscles are be primed, attention is focused, and nerves are ready for action, all of which give us the capacity to fight or to run away from danger. While stress once served a role in our ancient lives, the effects of stress in our modern world take a toll on our bodies and health. The impact of stress can be seen in all major systems of the body, while it may be impossible to avoid stress, there are steps people can take to reduce the negative impacts of stress.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Each bodily physiological system has an individual established set point, or level of balance; however, some fluctuations in these levels are tolerated. The balance of any system can be, and regularly is, disturbed by internal and/or external events of the mechanical, physical, chemical, biological, and/or social types. When this balance is disrupted, and involuntary mobilizations of biological processes are not able to re-establish it, an alarm reaction is activated (Schedlowski and Tewes, 1999). This reaction is referred to as a stress response, and the activating agent is the stressor (Selye, 1936). Recently, studies of stress have shifted from demonstrating relationships between psychological factors and somatic outcomes, to investigations of the mediational pathways involved in these associations. For example, (Cohen and Williamson, 1991) have built on the work of Lazarus’ model by suggesting that once an environmental event is encountered, it is appraised, and an affective response is made.
Kahn, Ada P., and Jan Fawcett. The Encyclopedia of Mental Health. 2nd ed. New York: Facts On File, 2001.
Jones, F, Bright, J, Clow, A (2001). Stress: myth, theory and research. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. p. 12.
Many people think of stress as a simple problem. In reality however, stress is complex and often misunderstood. We all know that stress is the body’s reaction to any demand on it. Perceptions of events, whether positive or negative, activate stress. It is, therefore, a highly individual affair. What is stressful to ‘X’ may not be so to another. But it is fairly easy to conclude that everyone lives under a certain amount of stress. In fact, the only people without stress are dead. At the same time it is certainly wrong to conclude that stress is always bad. Mild stress may improve the productivity. It may force people to focus more sharply on the problem and produce solutions. But if stress is severe and persist for long periods of time, it can be harmful. Stress can be disruptive to an individual as any
Seward, B. (2012). Managing stress: Principles and strategies for health and well-being. (7th ed.). Burlington, Ma: Jones and Barlett Publishing.
Stress is defined as “any circumstance that threatens or is perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities” (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However, stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need for stimulation and challenge, promote personal growth, and can provide an individual with the tools to cope with, and be less affected by tomorrow’s stress (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, p. 93).
Stress is an ongoing dilemma that occurs in each and everyone’s life. It is a factor that is undoubtedly a part of daily living. Due to the trivial problems that occur in people’s daily lives massive amounts of stress can arise. People perceive and manage stress in many different ways. The causes and effects of stress are numerous and one’s ability to manage stress is vital in maintaining healthy living.
Acute stress is the second types of stress. In contrast, acute stress can comes quickly and disappears quickly. The stressors who suffer acute stress “can either be positive (Eustress) or more distressing” (Meenakshisundaram, 2012, p.101). Normally, type of stress can be felt throughout everyone’s life such as in financial problems, the death of a loved one, academic problems and the break up of a relationship.
Acute Stress is a short-term stress that can occur when we have a paper to write, also known as a deadline to meet.