Stem cells in the treatment of infertility Premature ovarian failure (POF) occurs in women under the age of 40 y with primary or secondary hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and accompanied by estrogen deficiency in 75% of cases. None of the women with primary amenorrhea have been reported to ovulate or conceive with their own oocytes, but more than a third of the women were pregnant atleast once before developing hypergonadotropic POF. It is speculated that lack of follicular renewal may be caused by age-associated exhaustion of specific memory cells in the lymphoid system and bone marrow that are necessary to generate effector cells migrating to ovaries and stimulating transformation of OSE cells into primitive granulose and germ cells. POF may be caused by delayed ovarian development during immunological adaptation, by earlier termination of immunological adaptation or by cytostatic chemotherapy affecting both the existing pool of primary follicles and committed Ovary specific mesenchymal cells(O-SMCs) required for the follicular renewal (Reviewed by Bukovsky A et al.,2006). POF is also often associated with follicular resistance to gonadotropins called hypergonadotropic amenorrhea where ovaries contain normal primary and antral follicles not responding to gonadotropins by production of estrogen(Reviewed by Bukovsky A et al., 2006). Studies with laboratory animal models have showed that there are two types of POF with primary and antral follicles within the ovaries. The first persistent ovarian immaturity can be induced by inhibition of ovarian development (i.e inhibition of androgen receptor expression with estrogens) during immunological adaptation. The second premature ovarian ageing can be induced by the acceleration of ovari... ... middle of paper ... ... Genet. 1998 Mar;18(3):231-6. Cohen J, Scott R, Alikani M, Schimmel T, Munné S, Levron J, Wu L, Brenner C, Warner C, Willadsen S. Ooplasmic transfer in mature human oocytes. Mol Hum Reprod. 1998 Mar;4(3):269-80. Barritt JA, Brenner CA, Malter HE, Cohen J. Mitochondria in human offspring derived from ooplasmic transplantation. Hum Reprod. 2001 Mar;16(3):513-6. Barritt J, Willadsen S, Brenner C, Cohen J. Cytoplasmic transfer in assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 2001 Jul-Aug;7(4):428-35. Harvey AJ, Gibson TC, Quebedeaux TM, Brenner CA. Impact of assisted reproductive technologies: a mitochondrial perspective of cytoplasmic transplantation. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2007;77:229-49. Acton BM, Lai I, Shang X, Jurisicova A, Casper RF. Neutral mitochondrial heteroplasmy alters physiological function in mice. Biol Reprod. 2007 Sep;77(3):569-76.
tem cell therapy is a type of cell therapy wherein cells are introduced into the damaged tissue so as to treat the disorder or the injury. There are a number of medical researchers who believes that the stem cell therapy has the potential to change the treatment of human diseases and reduce the suffering people face when they have a disease. They believe that there are a lot of potential to replace the damaged and diseased tissues in the body without getting the risk of rejections. The stem cells
On January 5,2017, the only female to have three biological parents was born. Her mother, a 34-year old Ukrainian woman, suffered from “unexplained infertility” and took part a process called IVF, in-vitro fertilization, to conceive (“Controversial IVF technique produces a baby girl -- and for some, that's a problem”). Since the mother’s DNA was transferred to an empty nucleus of a donor egg, the baby has genetic information from three parents: the mother, father, and the donor. The donor parent
reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is usually used in research area such as cloning cells to cure diseases, and reproductive cloning is usually used to create human clones. Although human cloning has not been created yet, according to Aurelia et al. (2011), 23 countries have made human cloning illegal since 2009. However, human cloning has several benefits particularly in medical research and treatment; for instance, it can help curing diabetes. Although human cloning can cure diseases and reproduce
these are the same fears that the critics are predicting. Critics and writers are predicting the horrors that could happen; for example, stories about a cloned woman who was not as talented as he... ... middle of paper ... ...LifeLines™." Infertility Treatment and Information - Fertility LifeLines™. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. . "Groups Fears Step Taken toward 'designer Babies'" Msnbc.com - Breaking News, Science and Tech News, World News, US News, Local News- Msnbc.com. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. . Major Religions
Embryonic Stem Cells: Our Moral Duty to Persons In the Bioethics book, the Magisterium of the Church argues against the use of embryonic stem cells and refers to it as “the first ethical problem”. The main argument supporting the claim that its unethical to destroy human embryos goes as follows: (1) It is morally impermissible to intentionally kill innocent human beings; (2) the human embryo is an innocent human being; (3) therefore, it is morally impermissible to intentionally kill the human embryo
Info? Bone marrow transplantation restores stem cells that were destroyed by high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. After being treated with high-dose anticancer drugs and/or radiation, the patient receives the harvested stem cells, which travel to the bone marrow and begin to produce new blood cells. Bone marrow is the soft, sponge-like material found inside bones. It contains immature cells known as hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside some
cloning humans, either with individual cells or an embryo. By applying research from cloning normal cells to cloning stem cells, a wider range of people can be helped, and the cost of procedures will be lowered. Scientific research into cloning will allow doctors study how to safely replicate
Imagine a world where no one dies of CANCER or HEART ATTACK, where sick people are provided with affordable cures and treatments, or where a person does not die due to the unavailability of suitable blood or organ donor. Is such a world possible? As the human race is moving towards advancement the number of diseases and disorders are also on increase. To fight against these problems many new health care field have emerged since the past half-decade. Most promising of those fields is the Regenerative
embryonic stem cells (hESC). The debate over the use of embryonic stem cells in research has polarized the global community along the lines of those who argue that such research holds the promise of medical breakthroughs for many currently incurable diseases and ailments, while opponents condemn such research as it involves the destruction of a potential human life and is seen as humanity “playing God”. There are no clear cut answers to the moral debate concerning this particular area of stem cell research
when these cells live for a longer than the normal (Pace, Cassio & Glass, 2007). Organs in which the disease may develop include spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, alongside others. Ideally, this disease is a presentation of a lymphoid cells’ solid tumor. The disease’s treatment could entail chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and transplantation of bone marrow. Scientists state that the disease can be cured and that the cure depends on factors like its stage, histology, and type. Malignant cells have lymph
present society and morals. Areas such as biomedical and social-scientific research contain some of the most ethically challenging advances. Biomedical research offers society some of the most technologically advanced resources ranging from treatments of diseases to gene manipulated food. Of course these advances can be useful to a thriving society, but is it morally right? Where do we draw the line for what is necessary and what is possible? In social-scientific research, the same problems
March 2014 Embryonic stem cells: Immoral or Necessary? Stem cells are becoming a powerful new tool for replacing damaged or destroyed tissue in different parts of the body. There are two basic types, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Stem cells, found in the body, can engender exact facsimiles of themselves. They have the capacity to construct a number of specially designed cells such as heart muscle cells, liver tissue cells, brain tissue cells, etc. Embryonic stem cells are extracted from
Researches may have just found a cure for some of them, Stem Cells. Many people may be uncomfortable with the thought of paying a lot of money for them to get this procedure and have it not work. Yes it has flaws, but so does any other medical uses. Stem cells are going to really help the world one day. The most frequently studied stem cell procedure is bone marrow. Bone marrow is a soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and
scientist at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. The project was essentially centred around a sheep referred to as “Dolly” that was cloned in a lab using a frozen mammary cell from another adult sheep. At the time, this was a significant milestone in the field, as all cloning up to this point had been done using embryos, and never actual adult cells. The Dolly experiment served as a catalyst for additional intensive research, which consequently resulted in a myriad of new benefits and uses for cloning. From
Although infertility is a significant problem in the United States today, “artificial reproductive technologies” are often avoided due to negative perceptions (Barbieri 203). In 2005 10 percent of American couples were infertile. There are numerous causes that sometimes can be avoided. When there is no way to fix it, there are ways to treat it. Stress can cause infertility because hormones take over the body producing more cortisol which suppresses sperm count (U.S.: 2.1). The added physical, mental