Abstract– Technological advancement in computer technology has opened new horizons for human progress along with creating new criminal opportunities. These computer based crimes are difficult to handle due to their rapid growth and transnational scope. It needs a two prong strategy which includes procedural and legal enhancements. Keeping in view the need of standardization in computer forensic process a comprehensive framework is suggested in this research. It will allow investigators to submit acceptable evidence in the court of law. All the countries across the globe must have strong legislative shield which will work as the foundation for computer forensics process. Legal system must cover penal and procedural laws along with international treaties and transnational agreements. For this purpose a comprehensive and flexible legislative web is suggested in this research. Cyber crimes against person, corporate, state or morality needs “legislative-web” across the globe. Validation of both procedural and legal frameworks is done through land laws in Pakistan and international treaties. There is a need of launching legislative and technological offense against computer based crimes which are severely dangerous in nature. 1. Introduction In the current modern era, computer technology has strong impact on each and every angle of human’s daily life. Criminals had thrown their complex and widespread web on the computer technology. In order to deal with these crimes and to prevent them in future, legally acceptable evidence is the core objective of computer forensics. The term “Computer Forensics” was used back in 1991 in the first learning session held by the international association of computer specialists (IACIS). For... ... middle of paper ... ...onino, “Electronic evidence and computer forensics”, Communications of AIS, Volume12, Article 27, October 2003 [15] Kenneth C. Brancik,” The Computer Forensics and Cybersecurity Governance Model”, Information Systems Control Journal, Volume 2, 2003 [16] Mark Reith, Clint Carr, Gregg Gunsch, “An Examination of Digital Forensic Models”, International Journal of Digital Evidence, Volume 1, Issue 3, fall 2002 [17] Eoghan Casey, “Error, Uncertainty, and Loss in Digital Evidence”, International Journal of Digital Evidence, Volume 1, Issue 2, summer 2002 [18] Alec Yasinsac, ”Policies to Enhance Computer and Network Forensics”, Workshop on Information Assurance and Security, IEEE, 2001 [19] Michael G. Noblett, Mark M. Pollitt, Lawrence A. Presley, “Recovering and Examining Computer Forensic Evidence”, Forensic Science communications, Volume 2, Number 4, October 2000
Digital Forensic is the process of uncovering and interpreting electronic data that can be used in a court of law. It requires a set of standards to show how the information that is gathered, preserve, and analyzed is strictly followed. The analysts need to understand the evolution of the current technology and how it will impact how they gather their information. The investigator is able to uncover evidence and analyze it to gain the understanding of the motives, crime, and the criminal’s identity to help solve the crime. As computers and technology continue to become a part of our everyday lives, the cyber realm contains a growing realm for evince in all types of criminal investigations (Cummings, 2008) Digital forensics is a way to connect information security and law enforcement. It ensures that the digital evidence is collected in a way that it can make it into the courts in an unhampered or uncontaminated way (Dlamini, M., Eloff, J. & Eloff, M., 2009).
Gardner, T. J., & Anderson, T. M. (2013). Criminal evidence: Principles and cases (8th ed.).
Forensics investigations that require the analyzation and processing of digital evidence can be influenced both positively and negatively by a number of outside sources. In this paper, we will explore how physical security plays a role in forensics investigations activities. We will start by examining how physical and environmental security might impact the forensics investigation process. Next, we will discuss the role that physical and logical security zones play in supporting effective forensics activities. We will illustrate how centralized and decentralized physical and environmental security affects the forensics professional’s approach toward the investigation. Lastly, we will evaluate some potential areas of risk related to the physical security of our case study organization, Widget Factory, identified in Attachment 1.
Solomon, M. G., Rudolph, K., Tittel, E., Broom, N., & Barrett, D. (2011). Computer Forensics Jumpstart (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing Inc..
Computer Forensics is defined as “the application of computer investigation and analysis techniques in the interest of determining potential legal evidence” [Nelson, Bill, Phillips, Amelia, Enfinger, Frand, and Stewart, Chris (2004)] and has been prevalent in the law enforcement fields and government agencies since the mid-1980s. [Daphyne Saunders Thomas, Karen A. Forcht(2004)] Yet still, the existence does not justify the cause for the creation, development, and the integration of computer forensics into daily life. An online article from Penn State University goes into the history in more detail. The first actual legislation involving computer crime took place in the Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and Abuse Act in 1984. Among other things, this enforcement made it officially a misdemeanor to obtain financial or credit information through a computer. Because of this laws nature (being a federal legislati...
Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. More often than not, it would be impossible to identify the perpetrator a crime without forensic science and the technology it uses. Forensic science allows investigators to unmask the secrets of the crime scene. Evidence gathered at the crime scene helps to identify the guilty party, murder weapon, and even the identity of the victim (Harkawy, 1991: 276). The new technologies enables the forensic experts to have better and faster access to accumulated information, to be more accurate in the identification of victims or delinquents, and minimizes the possibility of wrongful accusations. New technology has improved the methods and techniques that forensic scientists and law enforcement investigators use, in order to provide a safer environment for other people. Information technology is one of the most important aspects in forensic science. It is very important for the forensic experts to receive the undisturbed evidence, such as fingerprints left at the crime scene, as quickly as possible, for more accurate readings. Thus using space technology, such as satellite communication, enables the forensic experts to "gather and digitize evidence at the crime scene, enter it into an on-site computer, and beam the data to a crime lab for swift analysis" (Paula, 1998: 12). Therefore, due to the use of this technology, forensic experts in laboratories can examine the evidence in short time, and the possibility of damage or unlawful manipulation of the evidence before the trial is minimal (Paula, 1998: 12). More often than not, "criminals" wear gloves at the time of the crime, thus to obtain a fingerprint...
In order to understand how to compile evidence for criminal cases, we must understand the most effective types of evidence. This topic is interesting because there are ample amounts of cases where defendants have gotten off because of the lack of forensic evidence. If we believe forensic evidence is so important and it affects our decisions, then maybe we need to be educated on the reality of forensic evidence. If we can be educated, then we may have a more successful justice system. If we have a more successful justice system than the public could gain more confidence that justice will be served. In order to do this, we must find what type of evidence is most effective, this can be done by examining different types of evidence.
Evidence collection is a crucial part of forensics. Its reliability can be compromised by input bias from law
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Jost, Kenneth. "Examining Forensics." CQ Researcher Online. N.p., 17 July 2009. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . How criminals can use photoshop to eliminate evidence
Gardner, T. J., & Anderson, T. M. (2013). Criminal evidence: Principles and Cases (8th ed.).
Physical evidence is any physical object that contains reliable information that supports a hypothesis about the incident. Digital evidence is physical or electronic information (such as a written or electronic documentation, computer log files, data, reports, physical hardware, software, disk images, objects and so on) are collected during the investigation conducted computer. Evidence includes, but is not limited to, computer files (such as log files or generated reports) and human-generated files (such as spreadsheets, documents, or eail
Digital Evidence is electronic data, materials, objects, property, documents, or records that are presented in court to prove or disprove allegations made against an arrestee. It takes the form of electronic data or information stored in bits and bytes on magnetic media. The examples of devices that can contain digital evidence include; cellular phones or similar all in one devices, pagers, digital voice recorders.
Today, technology has affected our global surroundings in a number of ways. Technology has created a more advanced society and economy. We use technology in every aspect of life today. New innovations and technology helps create a safer atmosphere and reduces the rate of crime. Technology is the usage and knowledge of techniques or is systems of these things. Usage of technology in the criminal justice system is not new but more apparent today. Technology in criminal justice will continue to challenge us to think about how we turn information into knowledge. Due to new technology, criminal investigations are able to maintain and improve their processes. Forensic science, DNA, other and future technology has all had a tremendous impact on criminal investigation and its process.
Wolf, Ulf. “Cyber-Crime: Law Enforcement Must Keep Pace With Tech-Savvy Criminals.” Digitalcommunities 27 Jan. 2009 .