“Conduct and action,” wrote Roger Tawney, “…are a proof that the gift [of salvation] has been accorded.” Such was the classic 16th and 17th century Puritan mentality. Wealth and material abundance were a sign not of hard work, but of God’s grace, and mediocrity a sign of pending damnation. Success and riches were not only admired, they were idolized. Puritans equated wealth with merit, regardless of true character. Few examples of the utter stagnation of humanity are so accurate and descriptive as F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby.” The American ethos in the 1920s had not evolved in the least, as is especially clear in Fitzgerald’s tale through Nick’s interactions with Tom and Daisy, Myrtle Wilson, and even the great Jay Gatsby.
Nick Carraway’s proven susceptibility to the mesmerizing effects of money and those in possession of it make him a prime example of the tendency to liken material success to character. He does this extensively with Tom and Daisy Buchanan, who are able to disguise their flaws with tangible wealth. While sitting with in their home, Nick notices that their eyes are “impersonal in the absence of desire,” (12), and even tells Daisy that their conversations make him feel “uncivilized,” (12), meaning that those without glamorous homes and flashy clothes are vulnerable and uncivilized. However, the course of events show how vulnerable and uncivilized both Tom and Daisy are despite their riches. Everyone tolerates Tom, described as having a “cruel body,” (7) and known to injure and cheat on women, purely because he is wealthy. Daisy is similar; she too cheats on her husband and even cold-heartedly abandons the woman she just killed, yet for the entire beginning of the book, she is a charming and m...
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...acter defects, and Gatsby is able to dump his past and gain favor from the majority of both East and West Egg.
Many things should change over the course of over 300 years, yet Nick’s contact with Tom, Daisy, and Myrtle show that the 300+ years between the Puritans and the 1920s brought no advancement in the American ethos concerning the superficial and shallow treatment of those lucky enough to be born into money and exaggerate its worth. Gatsby, however, proves that it is far more serious than stagnation, the 20s show regression, making money even more powerful by giving it the ability to conceal everything else. Fitzgerald uses Nick to relay his utter disappointment in humanity and even shows Nick “waking up” from the delusion that wealth is related to worth, perhaps in hope that reality would do the same.
Works Cited
"The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Undoubtedly, Tom and Daisy Buchanan exceedingly demonstrate the wealthy class's lack of integrity. Their lives are filled with material comforts and luxuries and completely empty of true purpose. Daisy's lament is especially indicative of this:
Gatsby realizes that life of the high class demands wealth to become priority; wealth becomes his superficial goal overshadowing his quest for love. He establishes his necessity to acquire wealth, which allows him to be with Daisy. The social elite of Gatsby's time sacrifice morality in order to attain wealth. Tom Buchanan, a man from an "enormously wealthy" family, seems to Nick to have lost all sense of being kind (Fitzgerald 10). Nick describes Tom's physical attributes as a metaphor for his true character when remarking that Tom had a "hard mouth and a supercilious manner...arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face...always leaning aggressively forward...a cruel body...[h]is speaking voice...added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed" (Fitzgerald 11). The wealth Tom has inherited causes him to become arrogant and condescending to others, while losing his morals. Rather than becoming immoral from wealth as Tom has, Gatsby engages in criminal activity as his only path to being rich. His need for money had become so great that he "was in the drug business" (Fitzgerald 95). Furthermore, he lies to Nick about his past in order to cover up his criminal activity. Gatsby claims to others that he has inherited his wealth, but Nick discovers "[h]is parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people" (Fitzgerald 104). Gatsby enters a world where money takes precedence over moral integrity. Materialism has already overshadowed a portion of his spiritual side. A quest for true love is doomed for failure in the presence of immorality. Once wealth has taken priority over integrity, members of the high social class focus on immediate indulgences, rather than on long-term pleasures of life such as love.
As depicted by Scott F. Fitzgerald, the 1920s is an era of a great downfall both socially and morally. As the rich get richer, the poor remain to fend for themselves, with no help of any kind coming their way. Throughout Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, the two “breeds” of wealthier folk consistently butt heads in an ongoing battle of varying lifestyles. The West Eggers, best represented by Jay Gatsby, are the newly rich, with little to no sense of class or taste. Their polar opposites, the East Eggers, are signified by Tom and Daisy Buchanan; these people have inherited their riches from the country’s wealthiest old families and treat their money with dignity and social grace. Money, a mere object in the hands of the newly wealthy, is unconscientiously squandered by Gatsby in an effort to bring his only source of happiness, Daisy, into his life once again. Over the course of his countless wild parties, he dissipates thousands upon thousands of dollars in unsuccessful attempts to attract Daisy’s attention. For Gatsby, the only way he could capture this happiness is to achieve his personal “American Dream” and end up with Daisy in his arms. Gatsby’s obsession with Daisy is somewhat detrimental to himself and the ones around him; his actions destroy relationships and ultimately get two people killed.
Through the eyes of the men around her, Daisy Buchanan is always seen in several different perspectives based on the way the man around her wants her to be seen. Nick paints a mask of Daisy as his charming “old yellowy hair” cousin, yet her “absolute smirk” makes him feel insecure about the things she tells him (106, 31). Gatsby’s mask for Daisy is created from being in love with the idea of Daisy and the way she was when they were young and in love, which is just what he needs to fulfill his dream. Tom’s mask for Daisy is her as his trophy wife he’s obligated to have and can just throw to the side while he has his affairs. Not only do these men place their own masks they’ve created for Daisy on her, but also dehumanize and victimize her in
Daisy and Tom Buchanan's relationship is fueled more by wealth than love as Tom is a famous European sports star who is openly having an affair with another woman. When Tom greets Nick at the house, he has a few choice words that sets the standards of how the poor are frowned upon by the wealthy. ‘“Now, don’t think my opinion on these matters is final,” he seemed to say, “just because I’m stronger and more of a man than you are.” We were in the same senior society, and while we were never intimate, I always had the impression that he approved of me and wanted me to like him with some harsh, defiant wistfulness of his own”’ (7). This incident in itself displays the high regards to which the wealthy believe they deserve, and their expectations upon how the poor should view them. In addition, this way of thinking paints a spinning image to the similarity of how the White race had the same actions expressed towards African-Americans for hundreds of years. In short, this example in particular plays a vital role in the story that represents the division of wealth of
Nick Carraway wants the reader to think his upbringing gave him the moral character to observe others and not pass judgment on them. If this were true he would be a reliable narrator. A hint to Nick's true moral character is given on the first page of the novel when he misunderstands his father's advice. His father said, "Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages you've had." Clearly his father was telling him of the importance of not criticizing others, but Nick interprets this as a judgment on others (Donaldson 131). This shows how Nick's upbringing has actually made him a judgmental snob toward others. He is not partial; he judges and condemns nearly every character in the novel. He says Tom Buchanan has "Straw hair, a hard mouth, a supercilious manner, and a cruel body with which he pushes people around." Daisy Buchanan is described as insincere and snobbishly thinks she "has been everywhere, and seen everything and done everything." Myrtle Wilson is sai...
Nick’s naïveté and innocence leads to continual judgement of the deceiving upper class community he surrounds himself with; however, he realises Gatsby is the most genuine and optimistic man he has ever met. Gatsby’s never ending confidence in his dream of a future with Daisy represents blind faith of an unattainable dream, yet Gatsby never ceases to reach for his goals. Gatsby even believes that he can fix every mistake he has made in the past (Fitzgerald 128). His naive and ignorant outlook on his future influences many vindictive decisions he has made in his past. Nick’s admiration of Gatsby’s ambitions compels him to recognize Gatsby’s efforts. Nick exclaims that Gatsby is “worth the whole damn bunch put together” (Fitzgerald 126). Nick idolizes Gatsby because his questionable actions were driven by his immense passion for Daisy. Believing that the elite, upper class society is corrupt, Nick found that Gatsby was the only wealthy individual he had met who is pure of
In the book the newly rich are seen as people lacking in social graces and taste. For example in chapter 7, Gatsby is driving a flashy bright yellow car while Tom is driving is an elegant navy blue coupé. Nick and Gatsby both posses something that is not seen in any other characters, morals and actually having a heart. For example when Myrtle was killed it was Daisy who was driving the car, Gatsby was afraid Tom was going to hurt her so he stayed outside of her house until four in the morning .Ironically Gatsby’s tender and loving heart is what gets him killed in the moraless, conniving world that he lived in, after taking the blame for killing Myrtle.Gatsby’s fate was tragic, all he wanted was Daisy’s love but she was too caught up in herself to realize how much damage she had actually done.Gatsby’s death represented the death of In chapter 3 Nick says “I am one of the few honest people that i have ever known” (Fitzgerald 59). Throughout the book that claim is proven true, all of the characters had lied about something except Nick. Gatsby lied about how he actually became rich, Daisy lied to Tom assuring him that she had no interest in Gatsby , and Tom lied about having an affair. Those are just a few of the dozens examples throughout the entire novel. When Gatsby was murdered the only man that stood by him was Nick.
“Money is the root of all evil”(Levit). Man and his love of money has destroyed lives since the beginning of time. Men have fought in wars over money, given up family relationships for money and done things they would have never thought that they would be capable of doing because of money. In the movie, based on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the author demonstrates how the love and worship of money and all of the trappings that come with it can destroy lives. In the novel Jay Gatsby has lavish parties, wears expensive gaudy clothes, drives fancy cars and tries to show his former love how important and wealthy he has become. He believes a lie, that by achieving the status that most Americans, in th...
Her sequence of lies leads George Wilson to believe, senselessly, that this was all Gatsby’s fault. The shame of the affair eventually compels Wilson to shoot Gatsby and then commit suicide. Daisy, could have owned up to her mistakes and saved Gatsby’s life, but for Daisy Fay Buchanan, self-preservation is far more valuable than personal merit. This in fact proves “the greatest villain in the Great Gatsby is in fact Daisy herself, for her wanton lifestyle and selfish desires eventually lead to Gatsby’s death, and she has no regards for the lives she destroys” (Rosk 47). Nevertheless, Nick Carraway sees right through her disturbing ways and reflects upon the Buchanan’s. After Nick ponders a thought he muttered “They are careless people Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they made” (Fitzgerald 170). Many people see Daisy Buchanan as a poised, pure, and elegant woman who is happily married; however, few like her cousin, Nick Carraway, suffer from knowing her true self: careless, deceptive, and selfish. Daisy is able to use money to get her out of every situation she runs
In the novel The Great Gatsby, the 1920’s was a “throwaway culture, in which things (and people) are used and then abandoned” (Evans). This is true of the lives of the wealthy elite who ruled the East and West Eggs, causing the domination of materialistic thought. The substitution of money for integrity ultimately provided a way for corruption to take deep roots in the characters. The frivolous lives and relationships described by F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby depict the emptiness of the shallow 1920’s era.
It is commonly believed that all those who are wealthy adhere to a similar set of values, characteristics and have similar lifestyles. Fitzgerald provides the reader a clear view through the eyes of Nick Caraway of the differences and similarities that can be found between wealthy people in the roaring Twenties. Two characters that are very important to the story are Jay Gatsby and Tom Buchanan. Fitzgerald created two purposefully different characters- one that is easily despised, the other that although not perfect, is likeable- and united them in their love for money, the power that comes with it , and their haunt for the ultimate prize – Daisy. In this essay, we will compare Tom and Gatsby in several areas, including personality, loyalty, and life style so we can come to the conclusion whether or not they are perfect foils of each other or not. Tom and Gatsby bare little similarities and their differences are evident.
Hugh Hefner once said, “I looked back on the roaring Twenties, with its jazz, 'Great Gatsby' and the pre-Code films as a party I had somehow managed to miss.” The parties of the Roaring Twenties were used to symbolize wealth and power in a society that was focused more on materialism and gossip than the important things in life, like family, security, and friends. The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, portrays the characters of Tom and Daisy Buchanan as the epitome of the era. The reader sees these characters acting selfishly and trying to meddle with others’ lives. On the other hand, Nick Carraway, the narrator, acts more to help others and act honestly. Initially the reader sees Carraway’s views towards Jay Gatsby as negative as Gatsby’s actions are perceived as being like the Buchanan’s. As the novel moves forward, the reader notices a change in Carraway’s attitude towards Gatsby. Carraway sees Gatsby for whom he truly is, and that is a loving person who only became rich to win Daisy’s heart. But in this the reader also sees how corrupt and hurtful Gatsby’s actions were to the love of his life. Gatsby’s relationship with Daisy reveals that just as Gatsby’s dream of wooing Daisy is corrupted by illegalities and dishonesty, the “American Dream” of friendship and individualism has disintegrated into the simple pursuit of wealth, power, and pleasure.
...rom the elite rich, who possess old money. Tom also claims that Gatsby “threw dust into your eyes just like he did in Daisy’s”, (142) and can be said to be using his false wealth to mislead and confuse Daisy and Nick into thinking he is someone of their standards, which shows that Gatsby is not recognised as one of their class. This undercuts the glamorous wealth associated with Gatsby, and the ideal of equality in the American Dream.
“The Great Gatsby”, by F. Scott Fitzgerald depicts the vast social difference between the old aristocrats, the new self-made rich and the poor. He vividly interprets the social stratification during the roaring twenties as each group has their own problems to deal with. Old Money, who have fortunes dating from the 19th century, have built up powerful and influential social connections, and tend to hide their wealth and superiority behind a veneer of civility. The New Money made their fortunes in the 1920s boom and therefore have no social connections and tend to overcompensate for this lack with lavish displays of wealth. As usual, the No Money gets overlooked by the struggle at the top, leaving them forgotten or ignored. Such is exemplified by Jay Gatsby, Myrtle Wilson and Tom Buchanan. Their ambitions distinctly represent their class in which Fitzgerald implies strongly about.