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Recommended: A short note on tea
Sri Lanka’s main industry during the pre-colonial period, which expands from 6th century BC to 1505 AD, was agriculture or wet Rice Paddy; however, a big change in the industries of Sri Lanka can be seen during the Colonial period, which span from 1505 to 1948 AD. The colonialists who occupied the nation before the British being the Portuguese and the Dutch began commercializing the Sri lanka in making profits from cinnamon and other spices locally available with a low overhead, yet formulate profit in Europe due to scarceness as well as the demand on the commodities (Publications, 2008, p. 129).
According to J.W Bennett (1843):
The local revenue is derived from the duties on cinnamon, salt, tobacco, fish farms, pearl and chank (Valuta gravis) fisheries, marriage and spirit licenses, judicial and commercial stamps, fines, land commutation tax, auction duties, post-office receipts, charges for boat hire and pilotage, anchorage dues, sales of gunpowder, horses from the government stud at Delft island, Ceylon Gazette, and Calendar, house and land rents, premiums upon sales of bills upon the Treasury, timber, Veddah tribute, and customs' duties upon exports and imports. (p. 45)
Furthermore, with the East Indies Trading, company located in India other industries, which were carried locally for individual needs or for trading among each other as Spices, Pearl fishing, Areca nuts, Gems, Elephants and Coconuts were also commercialized (Nubin, 2002, p. 176). Nonetheless, the big boom in commercialized productions mainly commercial agriculture was first introduced to Sri Lanka during the British occupation period between the years 1796 to 1948 AD.
Horatio Suckling (1876):
With few exceptions, such as plumbago, the same kind of pr...
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...ame the primary agricultural commercial products until the end of British era, which came with Sri Lanka’s independence in 1948. The British colonist during their colonial rule introducing their primary cash crops in their colonies as India and Kenya, and which shared many a similar commercial products as Tea under the British. Consequently, with many British colonies like Sri Lanka obtaining independence during mid 1900’s nations producing the same commercial products were abundant.
Hence, the post independence leaders of Sri Lanka were faced with finding new commercial products, which appealed to the international market in subsidizing the economic impact faced by low demand for Ceylon Tea, or Natural rubber and Coconuts. Therefore Sri Lanka began seeking and experimenting in opportunities in commodities and services, which were in more demand internationally.
Analyze continuities and changes in commerce in the Indian Ocean region from 650 CE to 1750 CE
...anted rights to trade with British possessions in India and the Caribbean for American cotton.
If there was ever an important period historians, and people could put a finger on, this would be it. This is the important period where the world’s countries, kingdoms, and dynasties established trade routes. This is the period where countries were made and countries were destroyed because of the importance of trade and the importance of building a fundamental, religious, and economical way of life. This paper will discuss the goals and functions of trades, and traders, and a historical analysis of world trade. This paper will also get into world trade patterns, of The Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, The Indian Ocean, The Silk routes, China and The South China Sea, Europe and The Mediterranean, and The Atlantic Exploration.
Rice was another cash crop that required a substantial investment in land, labor, and equipment. It was among the most intensive and extensive crops developed in colonial North America. Its cultivation helped shape the development of societies in South...
British economic interest in India began in the 1600s when Britain set up trading posts in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. By 1707, the Mughal Empire was collapsing. Several small states broke away from the Mughal control. In 1757, Robert Clive led the East India troops in a victory over Indian forces at the Battle of Plassey. From this time until 1858, East India Company was the leading power in India. Over time, the area controlled by East India Company grew. Eventually, East India Company governed modern Bangladesh, most of southern India, and almost all the territory along the Ganges River. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain was known as the “world’s workshop,” and India was the major supplier of its raw material. Britain had a firm hold on India; their policies called for India to produce raw materials for British manufacturing and to buy British goods. Any Indian competition with British goods was prohibited. Imperialism between Britain and India had a positive economic outcome for the British during the 1600s, as well some bad impacts on Indian people; leaving their governmental power in the hands of Britain.
We can see that Englishmen understood well the benefits of having their own sugar-producing colonies, and that they also understood better and better the growth potential of the British market for sugar. Hence it is no surprise that later centuries saw the production of tropical commodities in the colonies tied ever more closely to the British consumption-and to the production of British holds and factories.
[...]over the years they saw a massive expansion of their trading operations in India. Numerous trading posts were established along the east and west coasts of India, and considerable English communities developed around the three presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.(Lal)
In 1600, the East India Company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth to begin trading into the East Indie. Shortly after the establishment of the East India Company in India, the company began interacting with multiple countries in Asia, such as Malaysia, Singapore, India, and China. However, these interactions also caused great revolt among the empire when the “1857 rebellion” started in 1857. Not only did the British merchants brought their customs to Asia, but they also brought various drugs and foods such as Opium.
Bartering w/ Indians replaced by more royal control & making sugar plantation economy Indian resistance/depop. import African
Imports and exports were large profit makers and product distributors. It allowed for Africa to have access to the resources it originally lacked. In exports to south Samarian, Africa in 1884 Great Britain made a total of 3 million dollars. In the following years we see it and all time high of 21 million in 1900 we also saw the changes
Furthermore the Europeans had bought the increasing quantities of Asian silks, colored cotton textiles, spices and porcelain from Indians and Chinese producers using the large supplies of silver plundered and extracted from Spain’s newly conquered colonies in the Americas from 1500 to the estimated period 1700CE. by 1775CE primarily China and India, produced about 80 percent of the world’s goods and seemed to be unlikely at the time that either Europe or their colonies in the New World would be able to compete in either quality or price with these Asian
More than 2 millennia ago, around the 3rd century BC, a group of Tamil-speaking people from present-day South India migrated to the nearby island of Sri Lanka. Among these people, known today as “Sri Lankan Tamils”, are my ancestors. Centuries later, in the 1200’s, these Tamils formed the Jaffna Kingdom, an independent monarchy covering the northern part of Sri Lanka. In 1505, the Portuguese took control of almost the entire island, and, over the next few centuries, control of the island shifted between the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the British. After several wars and treaties, Britain gained total control of Sri Lanka (then called “Ceylon”) by 1815.
British involvement in India began in the first half of the 18th century (Marshall). The British had trading posts along different parts of the coast and at the beginning of the 18th century English commerce with India was contracted out by the East India Company, which held a monopoly of all English trade to Asia (Marshall). The East India Company wanted to bring luxury goods such as cinnamon, nutmeg, cottons, tea, and coffee into Europe.
Thus, in the West Indies, it became a national task in the early 18th century to produce cotton goods that could be competing with Indian cotton calico cotton, using cotton grown by slaughtering plantation as raw materials, like sugar and tobacco. It was not self-governing landlords or traditional textile traders who pushed for this task to resolve the problem, but rather self-employed farmers, often called merchants and people, most of whom were non-partisans and self-reliant people with no aid from the state.
South Africa is a nation with a wonderful and varied culture. This country has been called “The Rainbow Nation”, a name that reflects the diversity of such amazing place. The different ethnic and cultural groups of the South Africa do, however, appreciate their own beliefs and customs. Many of these traditions, besides African culture, are influenced by European and Western heritage. The complex and diverse population of the country has made a strong impact to the various cultures. There are forty-five million people; about thirty million are black, five million white, three million coloured and one million Indians. The black population has a large number of rural people living in poverty. It is among these inhabitants that cultural customs are preserve the most.