With the continued development of third-world countries becoming more of a trend, international powers expect that the world is making a larger shift towards total democracy. With the establishment of one of the world’s newest states, South Sudan has many challenges ahead of them yet to conquer in their quest of total independence. How can one make sense of the international relations of establishing a new state. Since secession is not a new theory, we should outline and map the challenges faced by the country of South Sudan. This term paper will provide a brief background, and discuss the challenges that are faced by the newest state of Africa. It’s important for international relations researchers to carefully observe and note these challenges, which can then be applied to other nations in the future.
The Republic of South Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa. Its current capital city is Juba, the nation’s largest city. Sudan (including South Sudan) was originally a part of Egypt, dating back to the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. It was later governed as an Anglo-Egyptian colony until it’s independence, in 1956. In 1972 following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed, which lasted until 1983. A second civil war emerged, which ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Also that year, the Autonomous Government of South Sudan was formed. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012)
On 9 July 2011, South Sudan Seceded from North Sudan, becoming an independent nation, which is not without it’s challenges, both internally and externally. This paper will examine some of these challenges. It can first be noted that South Sudan may not be ready for independence, as the international ...
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...thor claims Oliny as new ally. BBC News. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12666585
Carpenter, S. (2011, April 22). South Sudan: reflections on a fragile state. Open Democracy. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.opendemocracy.net/sam-carpenter/south-sudan-reflections-on-fragile-state
Central Intellgence Agency (2012, March). The World Factbook Page on South Sudan. In 2012 World Factbook [Online Database]. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/od.html
Storo, C. (2011, June 16). The failed state notion of South Sudan, post secession. Consultancy Africa Intellgence. Retrieved March 2, 2012, from http://www.consultancyafrica.com
Young, J. (2003). Sudan: Liberation Movements, Regional Armies, Ethnic Militas, and Peace. Review of African Political Economy [JSTOR], 97(434).
Sudan, which is located in northeast Africa, is ranked number 190 based on the amount of migrants per thousand people with a total of -4.44 migrants per thousand people. For roughly 12 years (from 2001-2013), Sudan has faced many challenges that push it’s people out of the land and pull them towards other places. These factors are known as push and pull factors. Even though there are many challenges that come with immigration, the results are more rewarding than what they would have been in Sudan. After migrating out of Sudan, these Sudanese migrants also face long-term consequences because of their decision to move.
Reeves, Eric, Massimo Calabresi, Sam Dealey, and Stephan Faris. “The Tragedy of Sudan.” Time. Time Inc, 4 Oct. 2004. Web and Print. 15 April 2014. .
This research paper will provide a detailed comparison of views between a typical American and the lost boys of Sudan, towards some political concepts. The concepts include; (1) war, (2) role of women, (3) the purpose of government, (4) the role of interest groups and international organizations, and (5) education.
In 1898, Britain and Egypt took control over Sudan. This didn’t include Darfur, which was an independent territory ruled by a sultan. In 1916, Britain added Darfur to the territory it controlled. After World War II, in 1945, Britain and Egypt began preparing Sudan for independence. From 1945-1989, Darfur -remote from Khartoum and having invaluable resources- suffered neglect from all governments. Sudan has been independence since 1956. However, the journey that led to Sudan’s genocide in Darfur began in the late 1800s. It’s a complicated tale that involves conquest; internal politics; social, ethnical, racial, and re...
In spite of various failed attempts of secession in many African countries, Eritrea and South Sudan were successful in getting independence, with international and regional actors’ recognition. But the question remains whether these countries are on the right track to address the main challenges that emerge in the aftermath of secession, in the process of peacebuilding and state building in particular with issues of human rights, political stability and development for their people who voted for secession during referendums.
...d viewed independence as the British keeping their rule through their Arab colleagues. Continuous Sudanese governments have failed or been reluctant to change the inequalities brought on by colonialism in the nation and therefore discrimination is being exposed in Sudan.
Uganda, formally known as the Republic of Uganda, is a poverty stricken country plagued with economic instabilities. Since the 1980’s, the economy has remained on a fairly steady climb, but many have doubts about the continuation of growth. Uganda will never achieve a stable economy if they do not establish changes to their infrastructure. To implement these modifications and maintain economic progression, Uganda will need 1) better government determination to end corruption, 2) commitment to improve the weak educational reforms, and 3) a decrease in their export vulnerabilities. Fortunately, the country is experiencing a much needed evolution in telecommunication which could be the single most contributing factor for an improved economy.
After the withdraw of Egypt and Britain, Sudan has been run by a number rickety / unstable government groups and milit...
"Sudan Backgrounder | United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014.
Fighting always affects the people who are near the conflict, but one civil war has forced thousands of innocent children to travel unthinkable distances simply to attain safety. Before they became known as the Lost Boys from the war, the group of mainly seven to seventeen year old males originally lived normal lives with their relatives in southern Sudan (UNICEF). From 1898, until 1956, Britain and Egypt jointly had control over Sudan in what was called the Condominium, which caused conflict in Sudan (“The Sudanese Civil…”). Because of the civil war in Sudan, The Lost Boys became a group of refugees who had to evacuate their homeland (Bollag). The boys in southern Sudan were an underprivileged group even before the Sudanese Civil War broke out; therefore, the children became known as The Lost Boys of Sudan, because the fighting forced them to evacuate their homeland in to a migrant, poverty-stricken life.
The lost boys of Sudan did not only show courage but also perseverance when they were forced to flee their home, leaving everything behind to find safety, after their village and all their loved ones were destroyed by the war.
As of March of 2008, a total of 300,000 people have died in Darfur, Sudan due to genocide. That is equivalent to the entire population of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Genocide started back in February of 2003 in Darfur, Sudan. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines the liberties set for everyone in the World. Established in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights displays the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to. The situation in Darfur, Sudan is known as Genocide, Genocide is defined as a systematic extermination or attempt at exterminating a national, political, racial or cultural group. The Darfur Genocide has violated Article #3, Article #5 and Article #9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Darfur Genocide violates article #3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article #5 has been violated by the Genocide in Darfur. Article #9 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been violated by the Darfur Genocide. Attacks in Darfur are mostly by a group called the Janjaweed which are an Arab based group supported by the Sudanese Government, to carry out attacks on people with different religious, economic and political views. The Darfur Genocide violates the rights of its citizens; steps should be enforced by United Nations and it allies.
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
... and trying to make them cooperate was the biggest flaw of the British colonialism. Then when that didn’t work out, the British developed the North far more than the South, thus creating resentment in the South. With the end of colonialism the British left a nation that was unstable politically and culturally. The region, culture, language, and historical differences between the South and North leads to two civil wars for independence. Which further leads into an ethnic conflict in South Sudan. If no action is taken to bring peace between the two. There is a threat of those ethnicity fighting over resources, which could then potentially lead into a territorial conflict. And if South Sudan further divides there could be a possibility of a power vacuum happening, creating more chaos. All it takes is a single spark to trigger a series of unfortunate events.
The majority of the continent of Africa has not been as economically progressive as the other continents in today’s world. However, over the past few years, it has been rapidly growing. Although there have been multiple countries in Africa that have reflected a strong growing economy, such as South Africa and Botswana, there are many other countries that are still corrupt and are still struggling to grow as a nation. There are many challenges that are facing Africa currently. Some of these major challenges being, corrupt governments, vicious cycles of aid, and poverty traps. However, among these challenges, there still lies to be great opportunities for Africa within their technology and business sectors.