INTRODUCTION: Soil-transmitted helminths group of infectious parasite intestinal worms e.g. hook worm (Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus), ascaris (Ascaris lumbricoides), and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), that cause Soil-transmitted helminthiasis diseases. They are human parasites, it is transmitted through contaminated soil, it has a worldwide distribution mostly human.
Discussion
These helminths parasite are transmitted by ingestion of helminths eggs in the soil. These helminths are found in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene management also places with warm climates like sub-Saharan Africa Southeast Asia and Latin America. It is now among the largest diseases of London. STH infections can contribute to anemia, vitamin A deficiency, malnutrition and impaired growth
Brief discussion on some STH parasites
Ascariasis: It is caused by a large round worm by the large roundworm A. lumbricoides. It is the most popular sth infectious parasite found in the human population it is the most widespread sth parasite. Children are more subjected to this infection due to continus exposure to contaminated environment it is mostly found in children within the age group of 3 years to 8 years old eating raw vegetables and fruit and drinking contaminated water or waste water. This parasite has caused an annual death of 20,000
Trichuriasis: It is the 3rd common type of nematode in human according to current statistic over 800 million people are affected and most of this infected victims are children, the symptoms include anaemia and diarrhoea chronic stage of this infection may lead to the acute symptom such as ; diarrhoea growth retardation etc. This parasite is quiet common in the United States of America
Ancylostomiasis/hookwor...
... middle of paper ...
...in human feces. Homogenization of stool samples has been suggested to improve diagnostic accuracy, but there are no detailed investigations. Rapid disintegration of hookworm eggs constitutes another problem in epidemiological surveys. We studied the spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm eggs in stool samples, the effect of homogenization, and determined egg counts over time in stool samples stored under different conditions.
SUMMRARY
proper diagnosis of parasitic worm (helminth) infections is important for adequate patient treatment and disease control Helminth eggs in human stool samples are used as an indicator of if a person is infected or not. However, little is known about the exact distribution of helminth eggs in stool samples. . Hookworm eggs disintegrate over time, which makes their detection very difficult in epidemiological surveys.
Ever wonder what kind of parasites are in your water, or how they can enter in to your body to make you very sick? Well it is most definite that no on want to get sick. The information found in this paper was collected over the past month, either by going to the library or by accessing information off the Internet at home, almost every night. The point that will be given to you is a little in information about the infectious disease called Schistosomiasis. The points the main points will be the causative agents, symptoms, hosts, methods of transmission and history of the disease. So lets see what Schistosomiasis is.
Weinstock, J. V., & Elliott, D. E. (2009). Helminths and the IBD hygiene hypothesis. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 15(1), 128-133.
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
In Eric’s case this parasite was affecting his nervous system, if the parasite is near the brain it causes eosinophilic meningitis, which is what happened to him. When this occurs, the body produces basophils which are white blood cells and the body freaks out. Leads to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. This causes huge amount of pain. Severe meningitis can be fatal or cause permanent damage. In Eric’s case he got lucky to be able to survive since he had waited a while before going to the hospital.
There are two different types of worms or parasites that can affect animals, in relation to this report the focus will be on parasites that affect sheep. They are called endoparasites and ectoparasites. This report will predominately emphasise on the endoparasites, or the internal parasites. These endoparasites are divided into three categories; nematodes [or roundworms], cestodes, [or tapeworms] and trematodes [or flukes]. The parasites are broken into these groupings due to their structure.
Olsen, O. W. 1. (1962). Animal parasites; their biology and life cycles. Minneapolis: Burgess Pub. Co.
Parasites in the human grow and multiply in the liver before moving to the red blood cells
Some are found specifically in the human body and some are found in the environment and will eventually enter the human body. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are two pathogens that are found in the environment and will eventually enter the human body. Both pathogens are found in the southern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America (Fungal Infections, 8). Coccidioides immitis is found in the lower, arid zone of the United States; specifically, the southwestern states like Arizona, southern California-primarily the San Joaquin Valley, and New Mexico, as well as in Central and South America (Lewis et al, 1). Coccidioides immitis is also found in the soil and is classified as an ascomycete (Lewis et al, 2). Coccidioides posadasii is found in the more central southern United States; specifically, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, as well as Mexico, Central America, and South America (Lewis et al, 2). Coccidioides posadasii is also found in soil and classified as an ascomycete (Lewis et al, 2). Once the pathogens have grown to a point of maturity, they can infect the host. Both Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii infect humans primarily; these pathogens will also infect other mammals such as cattle and dogs (Kellner et al, 111). Infection of the host can cause many issues in large cattle populations as the cattle are eating and breathing the same things; there is really no way to stop the
Helminthes or parasites, often called “worms” are among the most prevalence of chronic human infections worldwide. Soil-transmitted infections are caused by different species of parasitic worms. There are over 340 species of helminthes; most are rare in humans but may infect animals that can serve as a reservoir for infection but there are four main nematodes species of human soil-transmitted helminthes infections. Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm), trichuris trichura (whipworm), Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworm). These four helminthes are commonly associated with malnutrition, including anemia. Pregnant women are at risk of nutritional deficiencies caused by helminthes infections Soil-transmitted helminthes have been as causing impairment of growth and nutrition. The hookworm damage the intestinal mucosa leading to bleeding, loss of iron and anemia infections by trichuris trichura produce chronic reduction of food intake. During pregnancy, mild or several infections with hookworm can cause anemia to the mother and damage to the fetus, leading to low birth weight. Several large-scale studies have demonstrated that deworming and iron supplements reduced anemia among pregnant women and have led positive birth outcomes. At the global level it is estimated that intestinal parasite infections affect more than one-third of the world’s population with the highest rates in school-age children. These infections are most prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the developing world where adequate water...
In North Dakota and various other surrounding states have a very harsh climate compared to other places. Because of this, multicellular parasitic disease is an uncommon occurrence. Physicians in North Dakota and surrounding areas rarely if ever see and treat patients with parasitic diseases; however, it can happen and it is important to be informed about such diseases in order to better treat and inform patients. I myself was not informed about several parasites that can live in the area and would like to pass the knowledge onto my peers as well. The parasites I will focus on are Diphyllobothrium Latum and Fasciola Hepatica. In order to have a better understanding of the pathology of the two parasites, the following topics will need to be reviewed
People become infected with Guinea worm by drinking water from ponds and other stagnant water containing tiny "water fleas" that carry the Guinea worm larvae. The larvae are eaten by the water fleas that live in these water sources.
The parasite is spread through contact with feces of the infected cat. So be sure to put on gloves before cleaning your cat's litter box. Otherwise, you might become infected -- and, quite possibly, find yourself unbearably angry too.
There are different species of trichinella that can cause human disease, which has much disturbance worldwide. There are several species of trichinella that have been discovered. They include T. pseudospiralis (mammals and birds worldwide), T. nelsoni (African predators and scavengers), T. native (Artic bears), and T. britovi (carnivores of western Asia and Europe) (CDC, 2012). In the United States, there are less cases reported now than in the past. In the 1940’s, the United States Public Health Services began tracking the number of trichinellosis cases. There were 400 cases in the United States each year on average (CDC, 1997-2001). From 2008 to 2010, 20 cases were reported each year on average (CDC, 2012).
Giardiasis is an intestinal disease that has affected humans and mammals since the beginning of human development and creation. Those who become infected with the parasite Giardia lamblia most likely live in developing countries; however, children and adults living in the United States are also found to be affected by giardiasis. In 1681, scientist Antony van Leeuwenhoek discovered the parasite while examining his own waste. Although this was an unusual way to uncover new material, many scientists used his findings for further research of giardiasis. With years of investigation and testing, scientists concluded that there were five different species of Giardia. Because the disease is contagious, giardiasis has been spread to most the areas
In order for you to understand how Echinococcus works. You have to understand how it is transmitted into your system and begins infecting you. Echinococcus goes through several different steps on how it is developed and then transmitted to other hosts. The adult echinococcus tapeworm is about 5 mm long and lives in the small intestines of dogs and another canine species such as coyotes, wolves and foxes. The stage where a cyst begins usually occurs in intermediate hosts; typically sheep’s but they can also affect cattle’s, horses, camels, pigs and goats and many others. Tapeworm eggs are passed by the feces of infected dogs and then are digested by grazing sheep’s. These eggs then hatch into the embryos within the intestines, and then penetrate the intestines to be carried by the blood to major organs such as the liver and lungs. This larval stage of the parasite is called an oncosphere. The larval stage spreads by the bloodstream to target organs and other parts of the body, such as liver, lungs, ...