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Software localization
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Introduction
Living in the age of technology it has become much easier for businesses to expand at a global level. Businesses having websites and applications are becoming more and more common. As you can imagine when it comes to different countries and cultures, people tend to like and dislike different things. When it comes to languages, even same speaking countries tend to differ in dialect and have tendencies. The process of Software localization is to adapt the software to the cultural, linguistic and technical requirements of a target market. Localizing of a product can prove to be very labour and time-intensive. As a result the cost can be anything from $50,000 to $500,000 per language.
Localization normally begins in the development stages of software. The localization normally should finish when the product is released. The end product can result in changes to language, currencies and the technical workings of the software. The purpose being so the new market can just as easily use the software as the original market.
Localization phases
When it comes to the localization process there are three phases involved, these consist of:
1. Pre-Localization Phase
2. Localization Phase
3. After-Localization Phase
Pre Localization Phase
In the Pre-localization phase the aims and goals are set out. The localization process can become very complicated and tedious. Determining the exact requirements is very important as it gives a clear understanding as to what the product needs to do.
Once this becomes clear its best to take a look at the software architecture. Programs tend to use directories to read in strings and resources. Creating a directory for a different country can mean just a simple change of the named ...
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Layout
In English based countries language and interaction is from left to right. In Other countries the format can be right to left or top to bottom.
Vendors
Sources of information about localization and outsourcing vendors include:
• www.lisa.org
• Mutilingual.com
• localization-institute.org
Works Cited
http://www.sdl.com/technology/language-technology/what-is-software-localization.html
http://www.project-open.com/whitepapers/localization/l10n_biz_view.html
http://translation-blog.multilizer.com/real-life-example-of-software-localization-process/
http://translation-blog.multilizer.com/top-reasons-for-translation-crowdsourcing/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsourcing_software_development
http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-things-to-consider-when-you-outsource-it/3538/#.
http://is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20010021.pdf
...l language is also beneficial for comparison of statement, understanding, and saving cost for international companies.
Each country has its own culture, with subcultures inside the dominant culture (Schaefer, 2009, p.69). “Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted custom, knowledge, material objects, and behavior” (Schaefer, 2009, p.57). Values, artifacts, and ideas are also part of culture (p57). With globalization there is the integration of these cultural aspects, as well as language, social movements, and ideas throughout the world (Schaefer, 2009, p.20). Internationalization helps with this integration. Internationalization is the process of planning and implementing products and services so that they can easily be adapted to specific local languages and cultures (Linfo, 2006). Numerous American retail firms have expanded to other countries. Many have been quite successful due to their internationalization. However, failure to study the culture, retail practices, and consumer market of the country they intend to expand to can be quite costly. Although Home Depot is one of the world’s largest home improvement stores, their expansion to Chile cost them enormous financial loss, resulting in their divestment (Bianchi & Ostale, 2006, section 1, para3). This paper will look at successful international expansion of Home Depot stores, analyze what mistakes were made in Chile, and make suggestions of what could have been done differently.
Language and culture are problematic issues when it comes to international marketing. When a company enters the global markets it has to deal with many issues, which do not exist when it comes to the local market. Language is one of the problems and is always a challenge. Even though English is spoken around the world in most cases it cannot be used as a language for international campaign. Therefore the translation of the campaign into the foreign language is very important.
This stage is important and it is mostly overlooked or left out in the digital preparation process or procedure. In this stage readiness comprises of suitable training, consistent testing and verification of software and equipment, understanding of rules of the court of law, dealing with unforeseen issues and making sure that the on-site acquisition kit is in proper working order.
Globalization can not only affect a company opening an office in another country but it can affect a small local business as well. As the internet brings the world closer together it becomes far more likely that a business that opened with no intention of selling internationally will have customers form different parts of the world asking for their product. For instance a steel company located in Pennsylvania may suddenly find orders coming in from South American factories. How the steel plant chooses to handle this new international customer could mean ...
When it comes to doing business internationally the decision making is more complex. There are many interactions between each country that need to be addressed. In order for a business to be successful in the international market they need to examine and analyze all the facets of their company. They need
In internationalization, the most challenging decision faced by the company to choose between standardization and adaptation in its operations, products or services. It has been one of the important and most popular research topics since 1960s to understand whether standardization is better or adaptation for marketing mix in international marketing. The increasing role of international expansion of business across the borders has also increased the focus of companies towards the international marketing strategies. It is also a biggest challenge for companies to better understand the different needs and choice of customers due to the huge differences among the cultures from various nationalities. This leads to the dilemma in the mind of marketers to understand which strategy is effective and good - standardization or adaptation. There is a significant impact of standardization or adaptation on all avenues of business such as research & development, structure, marketing mix, production, finance and marketing mix. The attitude of a company towards the culture of a particular country in which it is going to enter or start its operations decides to choose between standardization and adaptation. Consider the different views and arguments for each standardization and adaptation, this essay critically analyze which strategy is better to choose for international marketing.
In order to overcome the language barrier and communication problem, the company should hire an interpreter who can smoothen the business run by aiding the negotiation process and provide understanding to the contract agreement for the
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English is the common thread that binds people in this industry. But many people from different cultural background are not exposed to the language. As a result, language training is required for efficient and smooth working of the industry. National pride and cultural barriers should be overcome and that too quickly.
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...eded. I wish I could take this class more early. When I saw the responses from classmates, the responses were very different because the experience of each classmate is different. Now, I realize how diverse the customers would be. Even though most of the customers were from United States, I am not from United States. I could not understand what they need in first place. I have seen some ads example showing how simply translating words is not enough. Pepsi Cola’s “Come Alive With Pepsi” campaign when it was translated for the Taiwanese market, conveyed the unsetting news that, “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave.” This shows that deeper understanding of the other culture is necessary to translate meaning effectively. In short, cross cultural communication is relatively important for me when I want to do business international or domestically.
The language barrier, which is also a difficult hurdle to encompass, serves as one of the most obvious cultural differences. A manager can delegate a task to be accomplished within a US based division and reap the expected results immediately. On the other hand, if an international manager is not familiar with the English language or culture, the same task may yield a different result. Language is the transmitter of both information and ideas. "The key to global competency is to develop the skills to cope, and that means integrating into the dominant culture and realizing how to properly interpret and analyze behavior" (Hayes, 1996). Being bilingual increases the advantage that foreign business partners have in interacting together. It nullifies the need of a third party translator. Business partners tend to be more open and receiving when communicating with bilingual personnel who speak there native language. "An understanding of the language allows the manager to pick up particular points of view, implied meanings, and other information that is not literal" (Moreno, 2006).