Information Communication Technology (ICT) is essential in classrooms for producing significant improvements in children’s reading ability (identification of letters, words, and sentences) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research conducted by Hagiwara & Smith Myles (1999) their conclusion was that visual cues used to explain social stories help children to understand the meaning behind the text. Howley and Arnold (2005) reflect the way in which a Social Story presented may be key to the success of the intervention used in improving literacy in children with Autism. For younger children, having the freedom to explore and reflect on the effectiveness of their actions through a combination of sensory and cognitive processing, gives rise to developmentally appropriate uses of ICT. The use of technology to support the Social Story approach may have several benefits including the use of visual information to improve meaning as many children with autism are visual learners Grandin, Dawe (2006). This essay will discuss the use of modern multimedia programs to teach language, emotion recognition, or social skills to individuals with ASD. Draws on (Williams, Wright, Callaghan, & Coughlan, 2002) Study that suggests that computerized instructional programs may be highly motivating and effective for enhancing receptive vocabulary acquisition for children with ASD. Furthermore, consider the use of ICT can cause stress and isolation with ASD children, and when used as an integrating component based on individual requirements social stories and ICT can improve literacy in children with ASD. Language may be delayed or impaired in individuals with ASD (APA, 2000). Many interventions for this population focus on the development of v...
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...uge, InterMedia, Oslo, Norway.
Soenksen and Alper, 2006 D. Soenksen, S. Alper Teaching a young child to appropriately gain attention of peers using a social story intervention Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 21 (1) (2006), pp. 36–44
Wainer, Allison L. "The use of innovative computer technology for teaching social communication to individuals with autism spectrum disorders". Research in autism spectrum disorders , 5 (1), p. 96.
Wendy Keay-Bright and Imogen Howarth From the issue entitled "Special Issue on Autism and Technology" Personal and Ubiquitous Computing Volume 16, Number 2 (2012), 129-141, DOI: 10.1007/s00779-011-0381-5
Williams et al., 2002 C. Williams, B. Wright, G. Callaghan, B. Coughlan Do children with autism learn to read more readily by computer assisted instruction or traditional book methods? Autism, 6 (2002), pp. 71–91
In a study by Schmit, Alper, and Raschke (2000), the effects of using a photographic cueing system during routine school transitions with a child who has autism were evaluated. The use of a pictorial visual support system indicated to the student that an activity change was about to occur. The target student was a 6-year-old boy who lived in a rural, Midwestern community; his family included his biological parents and a sister without disabilities, who was 5 years older than Alex. Alex was diagnosed with autism at the age of 4, and at the time of the study was not verbal except for saying the word “no”. The setting of the study took place in a public school special education classroom that Alex attended four days a week. Beginning approximate...
Cummings, T. H. (2008). Social Skills Instruction for Adolescents with Emotional Disabilities: A Technology-Based Intervention . Journal of Special Education Technology, 19-33.
Autism is a developmental disorder that appears within the first three years of a child’s life. It affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. Autism affects 1 out of 68 children. It is also the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are multiple types of Autism, some children are considered high functioning, and some are low functioning. “High functioning” is when a child with autism can function in life, and completes jobs, and chores with little to no help. “Low functioning” is when a child with autism cannot complete simple daily tasks without help, and (or) constant supervision.
Stephen M. Edelson, Ph.D. . Center for the Study of Autism. Web. 23 October 2011.
3.2 Proloquo2Go – is an augmentative alternative communication application that is used with portable devices such as a tablets and iPad. Proloquo2Go is a symbol supported application that is designed to promote growth of communication and language development by generating speech. (AssistiveWare, 2015). It caters for a range of abilities from beginner to advance as it promotes visual, cognitive and fine motor skills. Assistive technologies have increasingly been used with people who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) due to their obstacles in learning and behavioural characteristics. (Lang, Ramdoss, Raulston, Carnet, Sigafoos, Didden, Moore & O’Reilly, 2014). Individuals with ASD display impairments in social interactions, communications,
This paper will review five studies concerning the behavior and development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The studies investigate how autism effects communication, socialization, cognitive development, and a number of other areas. Researchers use many different types of scales to measure and compare the difference between children with ASD and typically developing children.
They also need to know and understand multiple facial expressions by the characters in order to play the game. Serious games are one part of VE but for different purposes. One of the famous games available and suitable for autistic children is called “The Game Book”. It’s about an adventure of a boy name Tobias in a Zoo. The child needs to interact with animal and the real world situations. Further, the child needs to learn 5 different facial expressions depending on the situation and environment in the story. The games can be played on the computer, laptops, tablets or smartphone. Figure below is the icon of the
Pennington, Robert C., Melinda Jones Ault, John W. Schuster, Ann Sanders. “Using Simultaneous Prompting and Computer-Assisted Instruction to Teach Story Writing to Students with Autism.” Assistive Technology Outcomes and Benefits 7.1 (2010):24-38. ProQuest. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
Systems of AAC include both high-tech and low-tech methods. High-tech methods consist of electronic devices such as the Apple iPad or iPod. Low-tech methods consist of non-electronic systems such as a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or manual signing. Different types of AAC systems give educators the option to choose the best method of AAC for each individual child. When choosing the best method of AAC, educators must consider the severity of autism, the individual characteristics, and capabilities of each child. The type of AAC method or device educators select for the child may depend on the school system and the cost of the device. Multiple research studies have investigated allowing children with autism to choose an AAC system or device (Son, Sigafoos, O’Reilly, & Lancioni, 2006; Van der Meer et al., 2012; Van der Meer et al., 2013). Son et al., (2006) Van der Meer et al., (2012) and Van der Meer et al., (2013) examined if allowing the child with autism to choose an AAC system had a positive outcome on communication. Selecting an AAC system for a child with autism takes time and consideration of each individual child’s abilities.
In our society communication is a key component and vital to existence in success in this day in age. Not only communication but social skills, motor skills, and our basic senses are the platforms on which we build off of, well, in the world of autism communication is impacted and for that reason an audible disturbance can come off as a heavy impairment…..to the naked eye. In my experience working with autistic boys & girls has showed me the sheer beauty and honesty of how they communicate and relay their feelings and emotions. The autism spectrum disorder is commonly known. Autism has wide spectrum of severity ranging from low to high and in between. This literature review dissects the value of full functioning beings and autistic beings, and explains my interpretation of autism and their ability to find new components to life.
The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an effective strategy for teaching reading comprehension for learners with autism that can be implemented in a public school classroom. As an autistic support teacher for six years, I have seen students with autism struggle with reading comprehension. Hours are spent on implementing direct instruction in order that students will be able to decode text on grade level. Often some students will be able to decode text at their instructional grade level, but are unable to answer a question about what happened in a passage they just read. It is evident that the students face a struggle understanding what they read. Ricketts (2011) noted that the point of reading is to comprehend what is in the text not simply to decode the words on a page.
Children with autism have multiple characteristic impairments in their social interaction skills. This results from the lack of “Theory of Mind” in autistic individuals. Autistic children have difficulty interpreting what another person may be thinking or feeling. Social impairments may cause the child to act inappropriately in social interactions and prevent the children from truly taking part in interactions. The children have difficulty recognizing social cues and responding to cues. Autistic children have a hard time forming relationships as a result of these impairments. Social stories, Applied Behavior Analysis, and Pivotal Response Training are three therapy techniques that help children with autism learn appropriate social behavior. Social stories allow the children to practice the situation in a lower stress environment. Applied Behavior Analysis utilizes positive reinforce to teach desired skills. Pivotal Response Training allows the child to learn social skills while in a natural play environment. Learning social skills through these techniques enable the children to have more meaningful relationships and engage more in their community.
Dempsey, I. & Foreman, P. ( 2001). A Review of Educational Approaches for Individuals with Autism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 48 (1), 105-116.
He explains that using visual cues will help students with autism make these specific connections. Clearly, in order to put Powell’s suggestions in use in a mainstream school, the provision of resources and sufficient training would be necessary. Powell also states that
Jordan, R., & Powell, S. (1995). Understanding and Teaching Children with Autism. New York: Wiley.