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social reproduction framework
preserving social stability
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Social Reproduction Franklin Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States once said, “The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; It is whether we provide enough for those who have too little.”(1882-1945) Eloquently said president Roosevelt’s statement speaks volumes to the nations inequality as it infiltrates all sectors of life and seeks to maintain social order. The process of societal preservation is more largely known as social reproduction. As defined by sociologist Christopher B. Doobs, social reproduction “refers to the emphasis on the structures and activities that transmit social inequality from one generation to the next” (2013). Within this contextual framework four types of capital arise that contribute to the reproduction of society: financial capital, cultural capital, human capital and social capital. These forms of capital, referring to resources that aid in the production of goods, therefore play a critical role in social stratification, producing inequality with each new generation. In order to better understand the impact of capital on society we must take a deeper look at the four different types. Financial capital refers to the financial resources that are available to an individual, in which they are granted the privilege of investing in the building of community capacity and the accumulation of wealth. Possessing access to financial capital endows an individual with the power of choice in a capitalistic society. Choices such as where to live, what to eat, and more importantly how to think as financial capital grants access to various social institutions that predict life chances and therefore ultimately influence cultural capital. Choices made early... ... middle of paper ... ... US Society. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson, 2013. Print. Gamarnikow, Eva. “Social Captial and Human Capital.” Encyclopedia of Community. 2003. SAGE Publications. 8 Aug. 2011. /. Giddens, Anthony, and Jonathan H. Turner. Social Theory Today. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1987. Print. Mogues, Tewodaj , and Michael Carter. "Social Capital and the Reproduction of Inequality in Socially Polarized Economies." University of Wisconsin. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . Tzanakis, M. (n.d.). Bourdieu's Social Reproduction Thesis and The Role of Cultural Capital in Education Attainment: A Critical Review of Key Empirical Studies. Educate Journal. Retrieved April 29, 2014, from http://www.educatejournal.org/index.php/educate/article/viewFile/251/251
Dillon, Michele. Introduction to sociological theory: theorists, concepts, and their applicability to the twenty-first century. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print.
Kendall, D., Linden, R., & Murray, J. L. (2008). Sociology in our times: The essentials (4th Cdn
Capitalism, is among one of the most important concepts and mainframe of this application paper. According to the 2009 film “Capitalism a Love Story,” capitalism is considered as taking and giving, but mostly taking. Capitalism can also be defined as a mode of production that produces profit for the owners (Dillon, 72). It is based on, and ultimately measured by the inequality and competition between the capitalist owners and the wage workers. A major facet of capitalism is constantly making and designing new things then selling afterwards (Dillon, 34).Capitalism has emerged as far back as the middle ages but had fully flowered around the time o...
Schaefer, R. T. (2013). Sociology: A Brief Introduction, Tenth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Kendall, D. (2012). Sociology in Our Times, 9th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781285309682
In Unequal Childhood - Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau tributes the French social scientist Pierre Bourdieu when using his theory of the forms of capital as a fundamental argument on her study. In this theory, Bourdieu recognizes three different types of capital; social, symbolical and cultural. Bourdieu describes social capital as “the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition.” This means that social capital is based on resources built from personal relationships, club memberships and other social influence and connections. The second form of capital,
Giddens, Anthony, Mitchell Duneier, Richard P. Applebaum and Deborah Carr. Introduction to Sociology. New York: Norton & Company, 2012. Print.
Social class has existed in our society since its foundation. Working class, middle class, upper middle class, or upper class, whatever your standing, social class can affect your place in society. Social class can be defined by where you live, who you talk to, where you get an education, even by the clothes you wear. These may not be definite determinants of social class, but categorization of people becomes easier when looking at these factors. In previous papers, I have claimed that social class is a result of capitalism. Though, I still believe this to be true, there are many factors that can affect social class and vice versa. Theorists have looked at different aspects of how these can affect social class. In my paper I am going to explore capitalism, stratification, racism, segregation, and education and their relationship with social class and how this can cause social conflict; I will have a primary focus of how Weber, DuBois, and Marx views this relationship.
Calhoun, C., Light, D., & Keller, S. (1989). Sociology (5th. ed.). Alfred A. Knopf: New
Since many more Americans are working today they have less and less time to participate in their community. Marx would agree that part of the decline in social capital is more people spend...
Schaefer, R.T. (2009). Sociology: a brief introduction, 8th edition. New York, New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.
The richest people who seem to keep getting richer have been walking into their wealth since the day they have been born. It has been proven by how the companies have been popping up around the world, how the companies are being bribed by governors trying to make their state seem more economically powerful. “Philips, Sony, and Toyota factories are popping up all over—to the self congratulatory applause of the nation’s governors and mayors, who have lured them with promises of tax abatements and new sewers, among other amenities.” (Paragraph 17) People are born into their jobs, and are doomed for their economic boats. IN other countries such as China, it has been proven that the families with the moneys are the ones with the money, are the ones with the economic power. “Many wealthy Chinese and western residents moved their money abroad and some actually left the colony. By 1971, the Cultural Revolution in China had ended in failure and conditions in Hong Kong calmed,” (Lannom) such as Gloria Lannom states, yet it took a while for Hong Kong to rebuild its economic standings because of this
[10] Kendall, Diana, et al. Sociology in Our Times. ITP Nelson and Co. Toronto, 1997. 126.
Social reproduction is the reproduction of cultural, human, and social capital in society. Therefore languages, traditions, cultural values, education, food security, and social circles are passed down from one generation to the next through Karl Mannheim’s concept of “fresh contact” and through society as a whole. Social reproduction is effective when social structures and equality within society are maintained. Inequality, poverty, and social changes that force society to adapt can impede the process of social reproduction causing what is known as a “crisis in social reproduction” (Wells, 2009). Born into Brothels demonstrates a crisis of social reproduction that negatively impacts the lives of children living in Sonagachi as a result of globalization, neoliberal policies, poverty, lack of adequate education and social structures to pass down capital, and the stigma of prostitution. Additionally, it shows the need for children to make economic contributions to their families that prevent them from leaving the brothel.
Parsons, Talcott. (1938). The Role of Theory in Social Research. American Sociological Review. 3(1), 13-20.