Within the realm of psychology, a plethora of theories exist that offer explanations about people. A learning theory attempts to explain how people and animals learn, whereas the social learning theories take to a different level; they attempt to explain how organisms learn in social settings. Three important concepts of Bandura’s social learning theory include observational learning, modeling, and imitation. Many factors take part in the way people behave and think. We learn concepts and ideas not only through hands-on learning but also through observational learning as well. Observational learning is a process in which learning occurs through observing and imitating others. This concept introduced by Bandura because he did not fully agree with operant and classical conditioning. The application of the social learning theory neither limits a particular developmental age group, nor is it only seen in particular settings. However, according to Legg and Mccaslin (2002), “as the learner matures the importance of how peers view the learner's actions and decisions may well super cede the opinions of others, possibly even the views of the learners themselves,” making the theory more prominent as one matures. Within the middle childhood developmental stage, a variety of learning settings were observed, seeing how Bandura’s theory manifested in children ages 6-13.
In Bandura’s theory he identified three types of modeling. The first type is live modeling in which a live person like a teacher demonstrates a particular behavior. The second type is symbolic modeling in which people or characters’ portrayed in written or electronic media are observed and a child models the characters behaviors. The last type is verbal instruction i...
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...arning. Observers imitate the behaviors of the model, as the teacher pronounced each word, the learners imitate the model. The teacher demonstrates how to use strategies and other learning tools to accomplish student goals. Vicarious Reinforcement was observed during our observations. This process increased the chance of a repeated behavior by one observing another. Some students saw others participate in a positive program and exhibit positive results, which encouraged other students to participate in the learning setting. The observations focused on production in which learners needed practice, feedback and coaching to address social factors in learning. Social factors, like physical, social, mental, and emotional growth will help learners become aware of their own abilities and cause reinforcement by situations that can identify with learning environments.
One example of the “Social Learning Theory” is the Bobo doll experiment conducted by Albert Bandura in 1961. In this experiment children were either exposed to an adult exhibiting aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior towards the doll. When it came time for the children to interact with the doll, the children who were exposed to aggressive behavior were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior (Nolen, n.d.).
Social learning theory claims that being active in processing information plays a critical role in learning (Sigelman & Rider, 2015, p. 44). This theory includes things like observational learning and latent learning. These are used in order for a child to develop different skills like learning to walk or ride a bike. Some skills are also learned but not performed. I believe that this is the developmental theory I followed due to learning different emotions, ways to act, and skills through watching my parents and imitating them. I show a lot of the same skills and qualities as my parents, so it is only expected that I learned these from
The social learning theory “states that behavior is learned from the environment through observational learning” (McLeod, 2011). For instance, I saw my mom getting ready for church and eventually I noticed that she put her hair in a ponytail only on Sundays. Furthermore, after seeing her do this so many times I began doing the same thing on Sundays. As a child, I observed her every move and I wanted to imitate her behavior. Through observational learning, I learned what was socially acceptable by watching my mother’s
Social Process theories are the process of interaction between individuals and society for their explanatory power. In other words a theory in which individuals feel as if society is not helping them leave helpful lives. Some of the theories within Social Process are Social Learning theory, Social Control theory, and Labeling theory. Social Learning theory focuses on what an individual learns from observing others in society. Social Control theory focuses on the bond between people that will shape how that individual will act. Labeling theory is when society gives labels to criminals that may causes them to act like criminals even when they may not be criminals.
- - -. “Social-learning Theory:Observing and Imitating Models.” Human Development. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1992. 213-14. Print.
This behavior can be explained through the teachings of Banduras social learning theory.
Behaviorists didn’t always believe in this idea. In fact, before 1961 scientific behavioral studies only revolved around the ideas of conditioning and association and reward and punishment. Albert Bandura pioneered the study of social learning when he observed that people also acquired behaviors through observation and imitation.
Reinforcement and imitating are essential for the success of this theory. Theory believes that people learn through repetitive imitation they observe from their seniors and mentors. This theory explains why children behaviors are affected by their immediate surroundings. In the case of Laura, it is assumed that her parent's conducts made her lose interest in getting married. As a young lady, her mother never gave her attention she deserved so she learned to be more secretive even at her old
In 1977, Psychologist Albert Bandura adopted the Social Learning Theory making it an influential and important theory. Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning capabilities. Bandura argued that individuals could learn new information and behavior by watching other individuals and the type of leanings can be explained by a wide variety of behaviors. This theory acknowledges that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior. However, the influence from others can cause a change in
This article is about social-emotional learning and how it can potentially benefit kindergarten students. This study’s purpose was to consider kindergarten when promoting social and emotional learning in schools. Since relatively few studies have been conducted in the kindergarten classroom, this study examines the effects of the Strong Start curriculum for kindergarteners in this setting. This curriculum tests the competence of sixty-seven kindergarteners in both social and emotional areas. This curriculum consists of ten lessons that were taught by four different teachers in four different classrooms. In the end, the results indicate that students increase their social skills, and the curriculum decreases their natural instinct of internalizing behaviors.
Bandura discusses the importance of observational learning. Bandura focuses mostly on how kids develop their habits based of their role models. Bandura shows this in the Bobo Doll Experiment. The Bobo Doll experiment consisted of 36 boys and 36 girls. They were then separated again into watching a video of a plastic doll called Bobo. Some children were separated by some adults aggressively beating up Bobo and the other half were calm adults. After they were showed the video, the kids were then shown to Bobo and the results matched the Social Learning Theory to the max. The kids that were show the aggressive videos were aggressive towards Bobo. Another Social Learning Theory can be told in my shoes because I have done something similar. I remember in fifth grade my older cousin would always ride his bike down the biggest hill without a helmet. I figured if he did and was okay, why can’t I? I learned the hard way and sliced my arm on a rock. Luckily I did not need stitches however, I did go to the doctors and got ointment for it. I still have the scar today. I feel like the Social Learning Theory has made an impact on my life because I have had the opportunity of having a role model. This role model has made a positive change to my life. Similar to Bobo, I have seen what negative role models have done for a person and how much it affects
Bandura’s theory uses the social- learning approach. This approach would explain that Antwone was a product of what he saw. This showed in the behaviors that he displayed. This approach derives from the behaviorist approach (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Bandura would believe that one learns by observing what is taking place in his or her environment and the people that are around the individual (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Modeling was very important to Bandura (Schultz & Schultz, 2013).
Bandura said that learning could occur through observing and imitating someone else’s behavior especially if there is a positive or negative consequence of a model’s behavior. In society, children are surrounded by many influential models such as parents, characters on children’s TV, friends and teachers at school. These models provide examples of behavior to mimic. If a child imitates a model’s behavior and the consequences are rewarding, the child is likely to continue performing the behavior. For example, if a child sees a peer passing the ball and the coach is praising his or her efforts, the child is more likely to also pass the ball and practice teamwork.
The social learning theory is usually associated with behavioral theories but Bandura associated it with cognitive development
Successful teachers develop the whole child by making integrated efforts to promote their student’s academic, social and emotional learning. Children need to be aware of themselves and others; make responsible decisions, and be ethical and respectful of the people around them.