SOCIAL AND CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The discourse concerning the impacts of tourism in national development, economic and otherwise, has had both negative and positive connotations. Societies hosting tourist attractions are seen as the victims of the negative effects of tourism while the tourists seen as the perpetrators of the crime; bringing their culture and values and imposing them on the host societies. While these generally accepted stereotypical thoughts may be true in some instances, it is however misleading to hold these notions regarding the changes in the social and cultural aspects of a society. Whereas sociocultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and Telfer D., 2002).
Concerning tourism development, the sociocultural changes which occur
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With the need for women to engage in paid employment, their socially designated roles as home carers. It also changes the dynamics of power within the home as women also gain financial empowerment. Disruptions in practice of cultural and social obligations also occur as a result of modernization brought about by tourism development.
• Migration: Tourism development causes s flow of skilled and unskilled labour from regions of low economic prospects to higher prospects. Efflux of manpower from islands and communities toward the main tourist regions cause a reduction in the number of people available to continue small scale sustenance activities required for the smaller communities to survive. The influx to the economically viable regions creates undesirable circumstances due to an increase in unemployment and other social vices in the region (crime, drug abuse,
THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BOTH THE OKAVANGO DELTA (BOTSWANA) AND ISIMANGALISO WETLAND PARK.
The opposition believes that tourism creates the illusion that there can be profit without exploitation and the intellectuals can trick themselves into finding it where it does not exist [in the “Other”]; where, in their view, it can never exist (MacCannell 1992: 28). In other words tourism turns cultures into a commodity as it depletes natural resources separating “Us” from “Them”.
According to the ‘World Tourism Organization’ (UNWTO), the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world, as it is estimated that by the year 2020, 7.8 billion people (roughly a quarter of the world’s population) will embark on a foreign trip (Bennett & Gebhardt 15). The Caribbean is said to be the most economically dependent on this industry, as the ‘Caribbean Tourism Organisation’ states that the industry forms the “economic backbone of most countries in the Region”(“Caribbean Tourism Industry” 1), implications for what tourism’s affect on the region have arisen and have prompted further research into matter. Since the 1970’s research regarding tourism in the Caribbean has attempted to determine the social, cultural, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism. Much of the research has found that there are in fact many negative adverse affects, and Jackson’s article asserts that, “Governments often commit money and other resources to support the growth and development of tourism and often turn a blind eye to its negative impacts” (574). The reason why tourism looks attractive (and thus turn a blind eye) to these Caribbean countries is because of “its potential to foster GDP growth, to create employment, to increase foreign exchange earnings, and attract capital investment” (Daye, Chambers, and Roberts 2). This paper will overview such impacts by first discussing a case study conducted in Jamaican resort town, Ocho Rios, with Sheere Brooks discussing the observed social, cultural and economical consequences of Jamaica’s reliance on the tourism industry and will finally look at tourism in relation to capitalism, with Robert Fletcher suggesting in his article that the tourism industry (and more specifically...
Factors such as labor shortages have also caused serious changes in labor patterns. It is unfortunate that tourism by members of countries such as ours has caused certain areas to become impoverished creating a lack of balance by boosting the economy of sectors with heavy commercial industry. However, not all tourism and migration is necessarily a bad thing. To quote the article: Other intra-east Indian Caribbean migrations from Guyana to Antigua and St. Kitts where immigration and work contact policies have been more welcoming. Despite the article speculating about various circumstances which cause migration, the article boils these factors down to six major theories, as the article addresses: Pull Factors, Push Factors, Relative Deprivation, Networking and Linkages, and the Iron Law of Labour migration, all of which I shall unpack
... career market places in recipient countries, in particular where unemployment is still a major problem. Scheyvens, however, belittles this opportunity for the reason that tourism solely creates menial, seasonal jobs for local residents (Scheyvens, 2002). In Thailand, the poorly paid and menial job of chamber workers in luxury hotel is the example demonstrating for the plights of local people in such an outstanding holiday destination (Thailand, Tourism and the Truth, 2011). Furthermore, local people sometimes incur increasing taxes arose from the expenses of new facilities and infrastructures constructed for tourism development. In essence, instead of being operated as profit-maker for developing countries, tourism, if not put in the local interests, could lead to the high tendency in over exploiting the native labour forces and other resources in these countries.
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
. Britton (1982) pointed out that “a country’s tourism industry would extend and gain more from tourism development if there is a presence of foreign enterprises”. However, despite its boost to tourism development, the increase of FDI has also presented some developmental challenges in this countries.
The development of tourism, in particular mass tourism, has had immense impacts on host destinations, some positive and others that are detrimental to three factors - economic, social/cultural and environmental. For tourism to continue to flourish in the future, a host destination must create sustainable business practices. Sustainability refers to “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations” (Graci, 2015). Therefore, a destination must implement sustainable practices, in all three factors, in order to prolong the life cycle of a tourism destination. This essay illustrates the negatives and positives of each of the three factors, using the Caribbean as an example of how unsustainable practices can result in tourists negatively impacting a destination; whilst New Zealand is used to illustrate the positive
As more county’s regions develop their tourism industry, it creates significant impacts on consumption patterns, natural resources, pollution and social systems. The need for sustainable development and management is crucial for the industry to survive. The destination of the developing country is more fragile than the tourists’ home countries, as most tourists live in wealthier nations; they have many resources, and due to lack of knowledge they aren’t aware of how limited these resources can be in developing countries. “When the Tourists Flew In” is a poem written by Malaysian poet Cecil Rajendra , who read this at a tourism conference, explaining about how shantytowns were being preserved as tourist attractions and how this impacts the hosts’. “When the tourists flew in, our men put aside their fishing nets, to become waiters, our women became whores” ....
Tourism is a typical activity of fashion that the public participate widely and it has grown in importance over recorded human history. Innumerable articles refer tourism as “the world’s largest industry”; policy-makers, analysts, and scholars often speak of the size of the tourism compared to that of other industries (Smith 2004: 26). These series of misleading statement, together with the mass media’s reports (out of context), make the idea that tourism is a single large industry branded into many people’s minds. However, in this essay I will demonstrate that it is a simplistic and misleading idea, which should be replaced by the plural term, “tourism industries”. Moreover, tourism is not the world’s largest industry, but largest service sector.
At the present time, one of the inseparable parts of the economic growth is considered as tourism industry. Commonly, tourism is the movement of people to other places for business or leisure purposes as well as covers their activities. Holloway and Humphreys defines that the places where tourists come and spend their money are called as “tourist destinations” in other words “receiving areas”. Many countries have been improving tourism to overcome economic difficulties since it is growing fast. The industry activities have been demonstrated a general positive trend in the economy and it has already become the inherent part of economic development. In host countries, tourism has led to such positive consequences as the improved infrastructure,
Tourism is the journey of people to destinations outside from their normal places of work and residence area. Tourism also the activities that they do during they stay in the selection destinations and the facilities created to serve for their needs. Tourism is the monetary value that tourists spent in the visit to the destination.
The socio-cultural impacts of tourism described here are the effects on host communities of direct and indirect relations with tourists, and of interaction with the tourism industry. For a variety of reasons, host communities often are the weaker party in interactions with their guests and service providers, leveraging any influence they might have. These influences are not always apparent, as they are difficult to measure, depend on value judgments and are often indirect or hard to identify.
Travel and tourism has become one of the most popular forms of activity for people of different walks of life. The need to travel has become so essential that it has become one of the busiest industries in the world today. Whether it is for business or for pleasure, to travel to a particular destination is part of everyday life. In the late twentieth century, the tourism industry has grown at a sustainable rate particularly for leisure activities in which people are more focused on going for holidays (Page and Connell, 2009, 4). People are now spoilt for choices; not only for destinations, but also in how they would like to learn of these destinations. As everything continues to evolve, so does