Slavery Becomes Empowerment 1. How does Nietzsche differ from Marx in his view about the morality of having different classes in a society? Marx’s can be somewhat different from Nietzsche when it comes to classes beliefs. Marx believes that society is overrun by the rich class and that the poor class does not stand a chance to become rich someday. The poor class can be looked upon as the slaves and forth then they will always be the slaves no matter what they do and how they act like. According to Marx’s reading, Marx states that “the Bourgeoisie has stripped of its halo every occupation hitherto honoured and looked up in awe.” What Marx is trying to say is that the bourgeoisie are the capitalists, the ones who creates the companies in order …show more content…
In order for the poor to become the rich, he/she must not dwell with their sentimental values. Nietzsche goes on to explain that “without the pathos of distance, such as grows out of the incarnated differences of classes… out of their equally constant practice of obeying and commanding, of keeping down and keeping at a distance.” What Nietzsche is trying to explain is that a member of the higher society class tends to utilize their understanding and logic instead of their feelings and emotions. The higher class is heartless and it will always be this …show more content…
What caused the French Revolution? The French Revolution is believed to be caused by the corruption that the country was trying to achieve within their nation. Nietzsche goes on to say that “The essential thing, however, in a good and healthy aristocracy is that it should not regard itself as a function either of the kingship or the common-wealth, but as the significance highest justification thereof---that it should therefore accept with a good conscience the sacrifice of a legion of individuals.” What Nietzsche is trying to explain is that for a nation to work properly, both society must become one in order to prevail the fallen of the country. The corruption that had been happening in France for centuries was soon discovered by the lower class. One of the ways that slave-mastery class knows how to protect themselves is by creating chaos and protesting against their masters. Nietzsche goes on to say that “by means of which a select class of beings may be able to elevate themselves to their higher duties, and in general to a higher existence: like those sun-seeking climbing plants in Java.” In another words, a human being must not become a slave of their sentimental and knowledge values, but he/she must always challenge themselves to become better and achieve greatness. It is believed that the lower class did come together and challenged their selves against their masters in order to make France a better place. They challenged their masters in order to have a better life
Social Stratification in 'Manifesto of the Communist Party' by Karl Marx and Max Weber's 'Class, Status and Party'
Nietzsche thought nobility was to see one’s self as the center and origin of value. He believed that people in power force common people into bidding their will, and those in charge are separated based on good or bad measures of their value. The rulers, or people in charge have master morality, the people who do their bidding have slave morality. Slave morality is how common people make their lives more bearable by using Christian ethics such as kindness and sympathy.
Marx believes there is a true human nature, that of a free species being, but our social environment can alienate us from it. To describe this nature, he first describes the class conflict between the bourgeois and the proletariats. Coined by Marx, the bourgeois are “the exploiting and ruling class.”, and the proletariats are “the exploited and oppressed class” (Marx, 207). These two classes are separated because of the machine we call capitalism. Capitalism arises from private property, specialization of labor, wage labor, and inevitably causes competition.
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, a German philosopher, believed there are two different moralities; master and slave morality. For Nietzsche, a morality is a set of value judgements. These moralities define a person not only by their actions, but how they handle these certain situations throughout their daily life. I believe Nietzsche chose these two moralities as they are strong opposites that are rational. The distinction between "master morality" and "slave morality" are easy to be misunderstand.
Both Bastiat and Marx believe that every person has individual rights and that every person should have an equal opportunity to lead a successful life. They believe that people should have the right to lead whatever life they chose to. Class structure and how individuals are placed into these classes is the biggest concept that Marx speaks about in Communist Manifesto. Marx believes that there should not be different social classes of people. During his time, there were two main classes of people; the bourgeois and the proletariat. The bourgeois were the modern Capitalist’s, who owned means of production and would employ wage-workers to operate these machines, generating huge profits for themselves. The proletariats were the wage-workers, who could not afford their own means of production, therefore relied on the bourgeois for work and income. The bourgeois had all the power in society. Marx believed that centralizing the means of production would take away the social power that the bourgeois had over the proletariats. He believed in the abolition of private property ...
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883) and Max Weber (1864 - 1920) both recognised that economic categories played a large part in social class structure. Nineteenth Century history plays an important part in understanding how class influenced identities. The Industrial revolution was changing the structure of the communities, the rich or landowners having a far better standard of living with better education, health care, property ownership and power than the poor. The working class would have a daily struggle to survive. The change in Trade Unions meant that the working class had a voice, helping to push their needs forward, looking for better standards of living and working conditions. Marx's concept of class was based around the production of goods. The emerging owners of these goods, or capital, were known as the ruling class. Marxism would define only two classes, the ruling class and the working class. The influence on identity of these two class structures would be very relevant in those days. The working class would earn a wage from the production of the goods but the ruling class would sell these for a profit and exploit the workers. The two classes were on two different levels of wealth, property ownership and social standing and they would struggle to mix, they were dependent on each other but the rewards would be unevenly matched.
Before expounding upon these ideas, it is necessary to establish a baseline from which to view these topics. It is important to realize that we as humans view everything from our own cultural perspective. Marx speaks of this saying, "Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence is but the will of your class made into a law for all, a will, whose essential character and direction are determined by the economical conditions of existence of your class."
Marx disagree with the functionalist view that people in power are not there because of superior traits; but more of an ideology that the elite use to justify their being at the top and seduce the oppressed into believing that their welfare depends on keeping quiet and following authorities. (2012:230) Marx saw four possible ways to distribute wealth: each person’s needs, what each person wants, what each person earns, and what each person can take. From Marx view there were two economically based social classes: the bourgeoisie are the capitalist class and the proletariats are the working class. The bourgeoisie are the haves, they control the means of production, norms and values of society. They use their social control to maintain their control in society and use their power to make distribution of resources seem fair. The proletariats will remain exploited if they do not develop a class consciousness. If the proletariats are to develop a class consciousness they will be able to overthrow the bourgeoisie. People who has more power will have more resources comparing to people who has no power will have less resources. The elite class has more power and money which allow them to have any resource they need or want like education, job, food, etc… The lower class will not have the same resources like the elite class, some drop out of high school to work to provide for their food, housing, and clothing for their
In addition to the economic issues, France also held an Estate System that led to heavy social inequality. This oppression of the Third Estate along with the financial problems that fell on the common people would lead to the French Revolution. Overall, the people of France revolted against the monarchy because of the unsuccessful estate system and the inequality it led to, because of the new enlightenment ideas that inspired them, and because of the failures of the monarchy. First, the French Revolution was a result of the failed estate system and the extreme economic and social inequality it led to.
In Marx’s opinion, the cause of poverty has always been due to the struggle between social classes, with one class keeping its power by suppressing the other classes. He claims the opposing forces of the Industrial Age are the bourgeois and the proletarians. Marx describes the bourgeois as a middle class drunk on power. The bourgeois are the controllers of industrialization, the owners of the factories that abuse their workers and strip all human dignity away from them for pennies. Industry, Marx says, has made the proletariat working class only a tool for increasing the wealth of the bourgeoisie. Because the aim of the bourgeoisie is to increase their trade and wealth, it is necessary to exploit the worker to maximize profit. This, according to Marx, is why the labor of the proletariat continued to steadily increase while the wages of the proletariat continued to steadily decrease.
The essential cause of the French revolution was the collision between a powerful, rising bourgeoisie and an entrenched aristocracy defending its privileges”. This statement is very accurate, to some extent. Although the collision between the two groups was probably the main cause of the revolution, there were two other things that also contributed to the insanity during the French revolution – the debt that France was in as well as the famine. Therefore, it was the juxtaposing of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy as well as the debt and famine France was in that influenced the French Revolution.
According to Marx class is determined by property associations not by revenue or status. It is determined by allocation and utilization, which represent the production and power relations of class. Marx’s differentiate one class from another rooted on two criteria: possession of the means of production and control of the labor power of others. The major class groups are the capitalist also known as bourgeoisie and the workers or proletariat. The capitalist own the means of production and purchase the labor power of others. Proletariat is the laboring lower class. They are the ones who sell their own labor power. Class conflict to possess power over the means of production is the powerful force behind social growth.
He states that “It is a form of economic determinism. Art, religion, politics, law, war, morality, historical change: all these are seen in the crudest terms as nothing more than reflections of the economy or class struggle” (107). Marx was a materialist, he believed that nothing existed, but only the matter of who had more material things and who had less. He was more interested in having power and not rights. Eagleton makes a good argument about how Marx is coming up with many things that cannot lead to living in a world of Utopia. Marx has come to study the distinctions of social classes, but he is not focusing on whether someone is professional or what is his occupation. He is not worried about someone’s religion, race, or ethnicity. He is worried about who is classified as being part of a majority, minority, and the working class. He states that “Marxism does not define class in terms of style, status, income, accent, occupation or whether you have ducks or Degas on the wall” (160). Also, he says that capitalism is formed by these classes because they spend their money, work, and pay other workers. Marx focuses on how capitalism is being formed and how society classes are making it grow more and more threw out the years. He came up with the idea of fighting for who has more and who has less, but rather for wanting to fight for human rights. “Marx himself seems to have viewed social class as a form of
In the Communist Manifesto it is very clear that Marx is concerned with the organization of society. He sees that the majority individuals in society, the proletariat, live in sub-standard living conditions while the minority of society, the bourgeoisie, have all that life has to offer. However, his most acute observation was that the bourgeoisie control the means of production that separate the two classes (Marx #11 p. 250). Marx notes that this is not just a recent development rather a historical process between the two classes and the individuals that compose it. “It [the bourgeois] has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, and new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie ...
Persistent throughout Nietzsche’s works is the theme of necessary inequality. In the second part of Thus Spoke Zarathustra he offers an account of those who resist inequality.