In The Jew of Venice, Granville takes up and refutes the principal "subversions," in The Merchant of Venice that modern and postmodern critics have imposed upon on the play. Without its’ alleged contradictions, the play has a tight formalist structural unity, it focuses on an essentialist Platonic idea, and, resolving all conflicts, it ends in closure. On the topic of Antonio's sadness, Granville picks up a clue that to my knowledge no modern critic has noticed. In his "methodizing"
Refuting the Claims in Adam Kolasinski’s The Secular Case Against Gay Marriage Gay marriage has been one of the most controversial topics of the twenty first century and the topic has mainly circulated around such issues as procreation and marriage benefits. Although Adam Kolasinski, the author of “The Secular Case Against Gay Marriage,” never refers to homosexual behavior as “wrong,” he argues several key points, including financial issues, to conclude why homosexual marriage is not allowed in
of race [and identity]” (Lee). While Progressivist racism is based upon a “racial hierarchy and the assimilation of non-Negro ethnicities” (Lee), a nativist perspective focuses upon the determination of identity through racial difference, thereby refuting any form of assimilation because of the importance of preserving racial purity. Michaels analyzes a variety of American texts of the 1920s, including The Professor’s House, by Willa Cather, and Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and identifies
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The State of War" Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The State of War" elegantly raises a model for confederative peace among the states of Europe, and then succinctly explains its impossibility. Rousseau very systematically lays out the benefits of such a "perpetual peace" through arguments based only in a realism of pure self-interest, and then very elegantly and powerfully turns the inertia of the self-interest machinery against the same to explain why it can never come to be.
Psychological Egoism (Philosophy Paper) Psychological egoism is the view that people are always selfish. When was the last time you did a good deed? Did you do it for its own sake, or for your own? The egoist says that all of us are necessarily self-regarding. I shall argue that this view is incorrect. First we should ask, what kind of claim is this? Is it an a priori claim, or a generalization from experience? If it were the latter, we could never conclusively prove it: we could never show
all a dream The bright sun was extinguished, and the stars Did wander darkling in the eternal space, Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air... (Stoppard 79) Hannah, however, is refuting Valentine's statement, not supporting it, as is evidenced by the rest of Byron's poem, which goes on to say: ...all hearts Were chill'd into a selfish prayer for light And they did live by watch fires... The habitations of all things
structure. A large portion of the literary world still levels a sniff and a scoff toward Foundation and indeed the entire genre of science fiction. Asimov's Foundation can be seen as an archetype demonstrating the validity of science fiction and refuting these criticisms. It is argued that the writings of Asimov are the foundation upon which much of science fiction is built upon. From the outset Asimov maintained a strong faith in the genre, believing that its status will be enhanced with time. "If
mathematical intuition. In what follows I intend to show that even if mathematical intuition were mechanizable (as part of a conception of mental activity understood as the realization of an algorithm) the Turing Machine model of the human mind becomes self-refuting. Our contention will start from the notion of transcomputability. Such a notion will allow us to draw a pathway between formal and physical limitations of symbol-based artificial intelligence by bridging up computational complexity and undecidability
position is not an untenable one for a skeptic to hold, using as an explanatory model Searle’s distinction between a propositional and an illocutionary negation. The argument runs that Nagarjuna does not refute rival philosophical positions by simply refuting whatever positive claims those positions might make, but rather he refuses the very act of making an assertion. From this kind of illocutionary negation, however, a certain paradoxicality arises: for in the negating the act of assertion, the skeptic
illustrated through the character of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God. On the other hand, Luce Irigaray discusses the different modes of sexual desire of men and women in her essay, “The Sex Which is Not One.” Many examples supporting and refuting her claims can be found in the novel. According to Cixous, the most heinous crime committed by men against women is the promotion of antilove. “Insidiously, violently, they have led [women] to hate women, to be their own enemies, to mobilize their
it is discussed either in passing, or to make certain that they be assimiable to the general thesis being propounded. When Gilbert Ryle wrote of intelligence,(1) he was interested in making it out to be a dispositional concept (his technique for refuting dualism). Ryle's fear seemed to ... ... middle of paper ... ...ire, (1949-1950, 242). (4) Ibid., 247 (5) Ibid. (6) If such limits of application exist, they would constitute a basis for the rejection of Ryle's claim that the dispositional
but a particular thought in the mind. Yet thoughts, even if particular, are not exactly concrete, and they do abstract, according to Ockham, in a way that Roscelin’s flapping vocal cords do not. I won’t be able to defend Ockham’s nominalism by refuting all of the many versions of the competition one by one. What I propose to do instead is set it up in relation to the celebrated exchange between Bertrand Russell and P. F. Strawson. In this exchange, Russell and Strawson were trying to figure out
Refuting Objections to Direct Realism Introduction Realism is the form of perception in which it is believed that there is an external world outside of our own minds. It is the belief that regardless of what we may belief is true of false, the external world is independent of these beliefs. There are two forms of realism which are direct and indirect. In this essay I will argue that direct realism is a more plausible theory of perception than indirect realism by refuting the main arguments against
The book Refuting Evolution 2, by Dr. Jonathan D. Sarfati, exposes the false premise behind many evolutionary theories or hypothesis. Dr. Sarfati brings to light some of the problems with evolution and the manipulation of the humanistic world view. He tries to make the book understandable, so that Christians can talk about evolution versus creation and not be intimidated. Creation versus evolution is a battle of different faiths. Modern evolutionist desire for ever person to think of science as
Introduction In this paper I will argue that Russell's analyses of sentences is successful and that the objection brought by Strawson can be refuted. Russell’s theory of definite descriptions contains a significant insight in that Russell’s view that what appears to be referential propositions are in fact quantificational is correct. Russell's theory of definite descriptions Russell propounds two theses, one about names and the other about definite descriptions. This paper deals with Russell's analysis
is operationally self-refuting” (Finnis 74). By asserting that knowledge is not a good worth pursuing, one is also asserting that truth is not a good worth pursing, which contradicts one’s belief in the truth of the statement. With this, Finnis proves that knowledge as a good to be actively pursued is presupposed, or assumed prior, in all of the previously mentioned rebuttals. Knowledge cannot be falsified by means of contradictory, inconsistent, or operationally self-refuting because of its presupposition
information in the digital age is unfair. I will examine two refuting arguments and two supporting arguments. The counter arguments are the quality of government councils improved and benefit with minority groups, and the supporting arguments are reinforcement of the non-digital inequalities and replacement of traditional services with digital. Then I will conclude by presenting my own opinion on the topic. Firstly, probably the most prominent refuting argument is that living of the elderly and the poor
Buddha rejected both the indeterministic and deterministic theories of his day. Our lives are deeply conditioned by cause and effect, or karma, refuting indeterminism. And we are personally responsible for our lives and actions, refuting determinism. How should I live? The Buddha's life and His Teachings inspire individuals who practice Buddhism to develop self-reliance, moral responsibility, tolerance, compassion, wisdom and many other
investors ignored price sensitive data. Whoever used this data could make large profits and the market would readjust becoming efficient once again" (McMinn, 2007, ¶ 1). This paper will identify the different forms of EMH, sources supporting and refuting the EMH and finally evaluating if the EMH applies to mergers. Three forms of the Efficient Market Hypothesis Eugene Fama coined the term, efficient market hypothesis (EMH) in the 1960s. There are three forms of the efficient market hypothesis:
Plato creates a seemingly invincible philosopher in The Republic. Socrates is able to refute all arguments presented before him with ease. The discussion on justice in Book I of The Republic is one such example. Socrates successfully refutes each different view of justice presented by Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. Socrates has not given us a definitive definition of justice, nor has he refuted all views of justice, but as far as we are concerned in Book I, he is able to break down the