Literature review Before proceed to predict concrete strength equation, it is essential to have a clear concept and understanding on concrete. Below are review of concrete compositions and some concrete properties. 1.1- Cement C.Deepa et. al (2010) states that cement is made of a mixture of chalk or limestone together with clay. It contains adhesive and cohesive properties which allowing it to link mineral piece into a solid mass. Cement through chemical reaction (hydration) to form a hardened mass
INTRODUCTION Concrete is a product made by using a cementing medium; which is the reaction between hydraulic cement and water. Concrete is made with different types of cements that contain pozzolan, fly ash, blast furnace slag; as well as sulphur, admixtures, polymers and fibres. These concretes can be heated, pressured hydraulically and sprayed. Concrete is made up of water, fine and coarse granular aggregates secure in cement or a binder. The cement will fill up the spaces between the aggregates
Concrete is considered as the most widely used and versatile material of construction all over the world. In recent years, concrete technology has made significant advances which have resulted in economical improvements in strength of concretes. This economic development depends upon the intelligent use of locally available materials. One of the important ingredients of conventional concrete is natural sand or river sand, which is expensive and scarce. In India, the conventional concrete is produced
supplies, “Use of synthetic fibers for reinforcing concrete is continuously, increasing. The increase has been considerable since 1980, but slowed somewhat in 1990, a year of substantial construction cutbacks. Apparently the construction community believes there are advantages in the use of synthetic fibers in concrete.” (Schupack) Synthetic fibers are used to improve crack control in concrete. Some reports say that synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) would replace welded wire fabric in many
As we know nowadays concrete plays an important in civil engineering field. Use of concrete has also overcome the brick masonry. Concrete is mixture of cement, aggregate (fine and course), water and chemical admixture is also added when needed. About 75% of total concrete material is acquired by aggregate. So, it is important to choose the right type, quality and quantity of aggregate. The main matrix of concrete is made by aggregate. The aggregate particles are bounded with each other by cement
Introduction Concrete is a composite material composed of water, coarse granular material embedded in hard matrix of material (the cement or binder) that fills the space among the particles and glues them together. Concrete is known by Romans as old as 12 million years. It was a revolutionary material laid in the shape of arches, vaults and domes. Concrete is widely used for making architectural structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements, bridges/overpasses, highways, runways, parking
Concrete today is considered by many modern engineers and architects as a more efficient and effective alternative to steel n regards to the creation of buildings, ranging from low-story apartments to neck-breaking skyscrapers. Through the rapid growth and development of the world's major metropolises and growing cities, concrete today has become one of the most important building materials to date. According to the World Business Counsel for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), “it has become the
In the ever increasing construction industry, concrete forms the basic building block. Concrete consists mainly of three raw materials apart from water. These are cement, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. Out of these raw materials, cement and coarse aggregate can be easily manipulated to match the needs of how concrete should be made. While as sand, which amounts to about 35% by volume of concrete, is mainly obtained from natural sources like river beds and the quality and texture of sand cannot
globe in order to improve the performance of concrete in terms of strength and durability. Consequently concrete has no longer remained a construction material but has rather becomes an engineered custom tailored material with several new constituents to meet the specific needs of construction industry. The growing use of concrete in special architectural configurations and closely spaced reinforcing bars have made it very important to produce concrete that ensures proper filling ability, better structural
Introduction: Concrete : The word concrete comes from the latin word “concretus” (Meaning compact or condense) . Concrete is made by mixing (Cement, Water, Course and fine aggregate, admixture as required) The main theme of our project is to determine the compressive strength of concrete specimen under the implementation of cold and hot water curing. As cold and hot water effects concrete in different ways which will be further tested and analyzed on the basis of various previous researches, and
Concrete is an extraordinary and key structural material in the human history. As written by Brunauer and Copeland (1964), “Man consumes no material except water in such tremendous quantities”. It is no doubt that with the development of human civilization, concrete will continue to be a dominant construction material in the future. However, the development of modern concrete industry also introduces many environmental problems such as pollution, waste dumping, emission of dangerous gases, depletion
Arizona Concrete According to the Mine Faculty at the University of Arizona, cement is manufactured primarily from suitable limestone and shale rocks. Arizona had two dry-process cement plants in 1969, namely the Arizona Portland Cement Company plant in Pima County, near Tucson, and the American Cement Corporation plant at Clarkdale, in Yavapai County (52-53). The use of cementing materials goes back to the ancient Egyptians and Romans, but the invention of modern portland cement is usually
lost in a concrete during the operation of cement hydration. A concrete takes a period of time (hours, days, weeks) depending on the types of concrete used in order for it to reach its potential strength and durability. Henceforth, the process of curing is needed. Besides that, there are also a few factors that affecting the curing period, depending on the types of concrete used. For instance, the temperature and the humidity of the atmosphere are dependent on the duration for the concrete to cure
REVIEW Concrete behaves as a back bone to nations building team. Concrete is a composite construction material composed primarily of aggregate, cement, and water. There are many formulations, which provide varied properties. But one of the disadvantages with the conventional concrete is high self weight of concrete. This heavy weight will make it some extent uneconomical structural material. Many attempts made in the past to reduce the self weight to increase the efficiency of concrete.
simplest form, a blend of paste, stone, sand and water is a concrete. Concrete is one of the fundamental building block of the civilization, contributing to all the structures across the world. Concrete can be viewed in details in term of its constituent materials, properties, durability and concrete mix design and quality control. Constituent materials are the fundamental materials required to produce concrete. The constituent materials of concrete consist of mainly three materials which are cement, aggregate
Self-compacting concrete (SCC), also known as self-consolidating concrete, is a specialized high performance concrete that does not need to be compacted by vibration as it compacts into every corner and space of a formwork as a result of its own weight. The most laudable property of SCC is that it leaves no void in the formwork, and that too, without the need of mechanical vibration (De Schutter, 2007; Okamura & Ouchi, 2003; Hurd, 2002). SCC, therefore, has superior engineering properties that make
The development of concrete and the arch were integral to the expanse of the Roman empire. While the Romans are known for borrowing influence from other cultures concrete is a Roman achievement that we still see in use to this day. The roman combination of concrete and brick allowed for the building of large solid structures that could last for centuries. The Arch while not being a Roman invention, was utilized in ways not before seen. While the Romans are known for borrowing influence from other
Concrete masonry and its alternatives Dense masonry aggregate blocks In use from the 1940s onwards, dense aggregate blocks are very much the work-horse of the construction industry. Their distinctive properties of durability and strength make them an ideal and cost-effect solution for all types of load-bearing walls. Dense aggregate concrete blocks are manufactured from cement, sand and aggregates. • Typical thermal conductivity: 0.70 – 1.28 W/mK From (-- removed HTML --) Lightweight
Concrete is an extremely versatile and durable building material. Concrete can be used to build long lasting structures even in very harsh environments when it is made with adequate constituents and mix design and properly handled .performance problems that may arise occasionally are often due to the use of materials that do not full fill minimum quality requirements, unsatisfactory specifications or due to inappropriate construction methods. A concrete consists of sand, coarse aggregate
Concrete Mix Design: Based on the above data and the requirements that are to be achieved for the construction of the dam are analyzed. Self compacting concrete has been used mostly in the design of major parts of the dam.For the first time China used new type of admixture known as Glenium type PCE admixture (PCE-3) for the mix used in constructing the power house.The SCC mixture contains large content of limestone powder to increase fluidity,cohesiveness and limit heat generation.These materials